We're going to take this step-by-step here. Please stay focused, brotha.
We'll start with the poverty graph:
Black poverty was at an astronomical 55% clip, in the late 50s, before the great society set of domestic policies took shape. By the late 60s/early 70s, that number was down to slightly above 30%, which is a staggering bit of economic phenomenon. The goals and directives of addressing inequality and its inherent consequences, were being met in a substantial way.
Next graph unemployment rate:
So here we see that the black unemployment rate was also responsive to the great society initiatives. In '72 the unemployment rate was 5% higher than whites, which is a fair assimilation into the economy, given the terminal condition black America was in 10 years earlier. Clearly the data shows that black America was establishing its collective footing, and weren't just accepting handouts (racist notion). This also reflects what we know about Black America at the time, with its various social empowering movements, which acted in concert with governmentally supported agency.
Enter conservative revolution:
The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution - Gregory L. Schneider - Google Books
With conservative America on the ropes, wealthy and influential republican power brokers formed think tanks and coalition groups in the early 70s, in order to greatly influence political legislation. One of the expressed purposes of this movement was to take back the gains made by black America (and apparently these are the same people Malcolm X/Garvey would have politically aligned with according to you), and the middle class which was seen as too accepting of counter-culture values. From the above economic graph we see an immediate ebbing of employment among black America (owed to the economic conditions at the time). This leads into an overall governing thesis, which defeats the whole notion that welfare is the root cause of black dysfunction, but we'll get to that in a minute.
But back to the unemployment figure...where do you identify the biggest cleavage between white and black employment? Of course, during the reagan years. By this point, the neo-liberal, anti black policies began to take hold. As a result, black unemployment shot up to 20%. How could this development owe itself to welfare, close to 20 years after its implementation?
Again, going back to that figure, your premise is defeated. We observe a clear, patterned employment behavior of blacks and whites which acts in concordance with each other. As white unemployment goes up or down, so does black unemployment. Now if what you said was true, and that blacks simply were satisfied with welfare and had little interest in working as a collective, the graph wouldnt move in such a way. Black employment would stay relatively fixed, and resemble almost a flatline, because black people wouldnt feel motivated to work. But the data shows the same agency to work between blacks and whites, however there are social barriers (explained through variables of inequality in hiring, housing, and the judicial), which keeps black America at bay.
I could go on and on about the implications of different administrations. (blacks responded most favorably to the Nixon/Clinton years for very specific reasons....nixon was a racialist, but stanchly against neo-liberal economic policies which were a direct benefit to black America, while the clinton years were the only years to stem the tide of economic distribution inequality...to the implications of the mexican employment rate has always been lower than blacks, but the poverty rate is consistent w/ blacks because hispanics are also shut out of meaningful employment opportunities)
The bottom line is this. Your adoption of welfare as the root cause of dysfunction within black america, is an apriori acceptance of racist explanations. Welfare dependance is the EFFECT of judicial injustice, imbalance in economic distribution (which the govt. should effectively regulate, and when in times of economic opportunity blacks respond well to), and destructive measures like cointellipro, housing and employment discrimination, etc, etc.