Originally, Germany had a very
close relationship with the Chinese nationalist government, even providing military aid and assistance to the
Republic of China. Relations soured after the outbreak of the
Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, and when China shortly thereafter concluded the
Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Union. Eventually Hitler concluded that Japan, not China, would be a more reliable geostrategic partner, notwithstanding the superior Sino-German economic relationship
[33] and chose to end his alliance with the Chinese as the price of gaining an alignment with the more modern and powerful Japan. In a May 1938 address to the
Reichstag, Hitler announced German recognition of
Manchukuo, the Japanese-occupied puppet state in
Manchuria, and renounced the German claims to the former colonies in the Pacific held by Japan.
[34] Hitler ordered the end of arm shipments to China, as well as the recall of all German officers attached to the Chinese Army.
[34] Despite this move, however, Hitler retained his general perception of neither the Japanese nor the Chinese civilizations being inferior to the German one. In
The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, he wrote:
Pride in one's own race – and that does not imply contempt for other races – is also a normal and healthy sentiment. I have never regarded the Chinese or the Japanese as being inferior to ourselves. They belong to ancient civilizations, and I admit freely that their past history is superior to our own. They have the right to be proud of their past, just as we have the right to be proud of the civilization to which we belong. Indeed, I believe the more steadfast the Chinese and the Japanese remain in their pride of race, the easier I shall find it to get on with them.
— Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, (February – April 1945)