The
Liberian exodus was a mass
emigration of African-American people from the
United States, especially
South Carolina, to
Liberia in 1878.
[1]
Interest in emigration had been growing among African-Americans throughout the South since the political campaign of 1876 and the overthrow of the Radical Republican government. Congressman Richard H. Cain called for a million men to leave the injustices they suffered in the
United States and leave for
Africa. In 1877, the Liberian Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company was formed in
Charleston, South Carolina with a fund of $6,000. Blacks began arriving in January 1878. The company then purchased a
bark called the
Azor, which arrived in Charleston in March.
[1]
On April 21, the
Azor set sail with 206 emigrants. A young reporter for the
News and Courier, A.B. Williams, accompanied the emigrants all the way to
Monrovia and wrote a comprehensive account of the voyage.
[1]
Success did come for many of the emigrants who stayed, albeit slowly. By 1880, most had found a livelihood and did not wish to return. By 1890, the
Azor passengers were well represented among Liberia's most prominent citizens.
[1] Saul Hill, an earlier immigrant from York, South Carolina, established a successful, 700-acre coffee farm. Clement Irons, also of Charleston, built the first steamship constructed in Liberia. The Reverend David Frazier opened a coffee farm with 20,000 trees and was elected to the
Liberian Senate in 1891. One passenger,
Daniel Frank Tolbert, originally of a town called
Ninety-Six in
Greenwood County,
[2] was the grandfather of President
William R. Tolbert, Jr.[3]