So they were black;
Journal of Human Evolution 45 (2003) 19–42
Early Holocene human skeletal remains from Santana do Riacho, Brazil: implications for the settlement of the New World
-Walter Alves Neves
Abstract
In this study we
compare the cranial morphology of several late Paleoindian skeletons uncovered at Santana do
Riacho, Central Brazil, with worldwide human cranial variation. Mahalanobis Distance and Principal Component
Analysis are used to explore the extra-continental morphological affinities of the Brazilian Paleoindian sample. Santana
do Riacho is a late Paleoindian burial site where approximatel
y 40 individuals were recovered in varying states of
preservation. The site is located at Lagoa Santa/Serra do Cipo´ , State of Minas Gerais. The first human activities in this
rockshelter date back to the terminal Pleistocene, but
the burials are bracketed between circa 8200 and 9500 BP. The
collection contains o
nly six skulls well-enough preserved to be measured. The Santana do Riacho late Paleoindians
present a cranial morphology characterized by long and narrow neurocrania, low and narrow faces, with low nasal
apertures and orbits. The multivariate analyses show that they exhibit
strong morphological affinities with present day
Australians and Africans, showing no resemblance to recent Northern Asians and Native Americans. These findings
confirm our long held opinion that the settlement of the Americas was more complicated in terms of biological input
than has been widely assumed. The working hypothesis is that
two very distinct populations entered the New World by
the end of the Pleistocene, and that the transition between the cranial morphology of the Paleoindians and the
morphology of later Native Americans, which occurred around 8-9 ka, was abrupt. This, in our opinion, is a more
parsimonious explanation for the diversity detected
than a long, local microevolutionary process mediated by selection
and drift. The similarities of the
first South Americans with sub-Saharan Africans may result from the fact that the non-Mongoloid Southeast Asian ancestral population came, ultimately, from Africa, with no major modification in the
original cranial bau plan of the first modern humans.
FALSE. The root of the Mayan language comes from present-day Guatemala to Southern Mexico.....
Genetic Linguistic Relationships of Proto-Mayan or Where did Nab’ee Maya’ Tziij come from?
You didn't disprove the linguistic connection noted between the Mayans and the mentioned Africans;
Dr Winters proves this over and over again, and here is one easy example with the pronunciation of the word maize;
"The Mayan term for Maize is of Mande/Olmec origin. The Mayan term for maize is K'unah, not ixim. The Mande word is "Kan"
People have assumed that the Portuguese introduced Maize to Africa but there is no evidence that they spread the cultivation of Maize to Africa (Miracle,1965).
The first mention of Maize outside of Mexico by the Portuguese was in 1550, by Giovanni Battista Ramusio, who claimed that Maize was being cultivated in the Islands of São Tomé and Principe (Paz-Sanchez,2013). Although Maize was being cultivated on the Islands, there is no mention of Portuguese introducing the cultivation of the crop to Africa.
References:
Miracle, M.P. (1965).The Introduction and Spread of Maize in Africa, The Journal of African History, 6(1):39-55.
Paz-Sánchez, M. (2013) “Wheat of Portugal. The African adventure of maize”. Culture & History Digital Journal 2(2): e028. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2013.028 “Wheat of Portugal” . The African adventure of maize | de Paz-Sánchez | Culture & History Digital Journal
Dark-skin is an environmental adaptation, not an indicator of 'race' or 'ethnicity'.
If that were the case then Europeans living in Australia would gain melanin in their skin, rather than die off from skin cancer. You cannot gain melanin.
The entire population of the planet has African genes. Doesn't make them all Black.
The Mexican population has between 5-50% African genetics, so for people to point to Mexicans today and say oh well the Olmecs couldn't have been black are fukking retarded. Why? Because the people whom they are using as an example are fukking mutts. That is the likely reason why you have wide nostril Mexicans whom you can compare the Olmec statues to.
Correct! Haplogroups do NOT determine race. Instead this proves that African lineages were present in pre-Columbian America.
They were dark-skinned Asians, not Black.
Where in the fukk do you think that Dark skinned Asians came from, and yes they are black and many identify as black. Papaus and Australians identify as black and with Pan Africanism.
No, it wasn't.
Which doesn't prove your assertion.
17) The Mande built pyramids in Africa from Libya to the Niger Valley.
Pyramids are the most stable structure that can be built using natural materials.
I am capable of running 10 kilometers, doesn't mean I'll do it or even want to.
They weren't Black. They were dark-skinned Asians.[/QUOTE]
So I'm pressed for time right now, but this shyt does not qualify as a refutation to anything that has been presented thus. Far may go into detail later on tonight when I return though.
That trait migrated out of Africa millennia ago and does not prove your assertion.
The Olmec civilization originated "millennia ago" so what's your point. Sickle cell originated in the Sudan, and it characterizes Niger-Congo speakers.
.
Central-South American Cocaine and American based Tobacco was found in royal mummies of Kemet and Nubia
"The recent findings of cocaine, nicotine, and hashish in Egyptian mummies by Balabanova et. al. have been criticized on grounds that: contamination of the mummies may have occurred, improper techniques may have been used, chemical decomposition may have produced the compounds in question, recent mummies of drug users were mistakenly evaluated, that no similar cases are known of such compounds in long-dead bodies, and especially that pre-Columbian transoceanic voyages are highly speculative. These criticisms are each discussed in turn. Balabanova et. al. are shown to have used and confirmed their findings with accepted methods....
“The initial reaction to the findings of Balabanova et. al. was highly critical. These criticisms were not based on a known failing in the authors' research methodology, rather they were attempts to cast doubt on an implication of the research - that cocaine and nicotine were brought to Egypt from the New World before Columbus. This conclusion is not acceptable to conservative investigators of the past. In fact it suggests a deep-rooted aversion to what Balabanova suggested might mean an unraveling of aspects of history contrary to basic reconstructions. This aversion, according to Kehoe (1998) stems from the conviction that Indians were primitive savages destined to be overcome by the civilized world - that the acme of evolutionary success resided in the conquering race itself. ‘Childlike savages could never have voyaged across oceans.’ “
“Balabanova's findings bring yet other evidence forward that humanity is not so easily pinioned into the pre-conceived notions of primitive and advanced - even as this might be related to the presumed technology of earlier times. The quest for discovery - to find new worlds - is not just a modern selective advantage of our species. Perhaps it is the defining characteristic. “
Link
Cultural Overlapping of Ancient Hapi Valley Cultures and Aboriginal American Civilizations.
They Came Before Columbus
Djed - Shown in both Kemet and ancient America
john ogilby america | ... the book America ], c1673 by Arnoldus Montanus (Ogilby), Amsterdam
The North American Mound Builders
North America (especially the Mississippi river and it's tributaries) is littered with mounds. These mounds are relatively recent structures that date the Middle Ages. The only other place where they are noted to be found are in Western African Mande civilizations, as a defense against fortification. The age dating of these mounds, and the correlation with Mande culture implies that this was the result of the massive migration of Abu Bakr III's Malian fleet that settled in North America (many say Mexico) during the 14th century AD.
St. Louis Pyramids
Mississippi Mounds