Mali Empire. Are you kidding me right now?
Timbaktu it was the forth most lucrative business after gold, salt, and ivory.
So I say name an AFrican Kingdom because you dissed black Muslims.........
and you named one of the Greatest black Muslim Kingdoms
and just at you nikkas not realizing why and HOW we study, learn from, and are even aware of places like Timbaktu..... Lets just say it was mostly the black muslim that wrote shyt down about everything. 100% of historian site black Muslims AS THE ONE AND ONLY source of most of these ancient kingdoms, minus egypt and the Sudan... even those the Sudan basically create the Orginal Arabs --- so it all goes together.
have some respect
One of the reason Timbukto was so attractive as a learning and trading center is because the Muslims there stated religious freedom and it because a spread of knowledge type of place.