The "bone loss in space" thing in space reminded me of The Belters from "The Expanse," so while I was watching I actually did a quick Google search and found:
Gravity Hurts (So Good) | Science Mission Directorate
What's interesting is that some of the numbers in this article actually line up pretty well with what I thought was "technobabble" on the show.
When they mentioned a "4 year" recovery time on the show it sounded like something pulled from thin air, but
Something kind of dawned on me for the first time. Although this isn't nearly as "hard science" as The Expanse, The Orville actually seems to have "harder" science than any of the Star Trek shows I've seen. Star Trek would have just invented some alien space virus, or missing non-replacatable nutrient, or something like if they wanted an excuse to make a character go home. Of course, turning up the artificial gravity strength was the OBVIOUS solution to the problem, I'm not sure why it took half the episode to figure it out. But at least they did figure it out.
I also can't remember Star Trek ever doing an alien planet that required humans to wear a spacesuit to survive. Every planet on Star Trek seems to have an atmosphere exactly like Earth. I think they overdid the gravity strength when it immediately broke human bones, though. I would think it should probably be more like a human pilot in a fighter jet blacking out at 10g's. But the episode needed the threat of instant death, so...