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Skooby

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Who will define MLB's superteam era? Ranking the top 6 contenders


The Boston Red Sox are royal again after a World Series rout of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Boston is coming off a 108-win season, owns the game's highest payroll and has a talented core of players in their primes.

Does this sound like a clear formula for a dynasty to you? It kind of does, but one thing we know about this era of big league baseball is that there is no true formula for a dynasty. At least not in the sense of the old Yankees of Mantle and Stengel, or even the recent Yankees of Torre-Jeter fame.


Other than payroll, those attributes -- 100-plus wins, prime-age talent cores -- were just as easily applied to the Chicago Cubs after they won the World Series in 2016. And we wrote some of the same things only last year about the Houston Astros, who, like the Red Sox, spent the final night of the baseball season dancing around on the grass at Dodger Stadium.

As rosy as things look today for the Red Sox, right now there is not a single team that defines this era. And maybe there won't be. There have been many stretches in baseball history where the championship trophy was passed around from team to team.

What makes this particular time in the majors so unique is that despite the lack of a repeat champion in recent years, it's not really due to leaguewide parity. Instead, we've entered a time where there are a handful of powerhouses, any of which could rise to the top in a given season. The Red Sox are clearly one of the haves, and so are the aforementioned Cubs and Astros. So too are the New York Yankees and the Dodgers. Some might argue that the Cleveland Indians should be involved in this mix as well.

These teams are working on multiyear streaks of postseason appearances:

• Dodgers, six straight postseason appearances (six National League West titles, two NL pennants)
• Cubs, four straight (two NL Central titles, one championship)
• Red Sox, three straight (three American League East titles, one championship)
• Indians, three straight (three AL Central titles, one pennant)
• Astros, two straight (two AL West titles, one championship)
• Yankees, two straight
• Rockies, two straight

And here are the best aggregate records over the past three regular seasons:

Red Sox, 294-192 (.605)
Cubs, 290-196 (.597)
Astros, 288-198 (.593)
Indians, 287-198 (.592)
Dodgers, 287-200 (.589)
Yankees, 275-211 (.566)
Nationals, 274-212 (.564)
Cardinals, 257-229 (.529)

Finally, here are the current odds for winning the 2019 World Series, courtesy of the Westgate Las Vegas SuperBook:

Red Sox 6-1
Astros 6-1
Dodgers 7-1
Yankees 7-1
Cubs 10-1
Indians 10-1

It's a pretty familiar-looking list, no?

We certainly could have a party-crasher in next year's Fall Classic. The Milwaukee Brewers came within one game of getting there this time around and will have all of their key players back. The Atlanta Braves won the NL East this season and are just opening their newest window of contention. The Washington Nationals shouldn't be forgotten, either, despite Bryce Harper's free agency. We certainly considered them one of the superteams when the 2018 season dawned.

But let's focus on the teams leading the betting markets, because those are also the teams that lead the three-year standings chart and who are among those working on multiyear postseason streaks. If any of those teams was to break through with a couple of titles, it could become a team that defines this era. If we accept that as a possibility, who is best positioned to do that?

We're going to run through the leading candidates in order of most likely to be a dynasty, to the least, while explaining the general outlook for each club. If you skim ahead just to see the rankings, that's cheating. Your mother would be very ashamed and your dog won't like you anymore.


1. Boston Red Sox
i
The Red Sox have a number of free agents, including World Series MVP Steve Pearce. After his age-35 coming-out party, it would be great if Pearce could cash in on the open market, but his age and position work against him. At the very least, he will remain an attractive right-handed complement for Mitch Moreland at first base, and obviously he fit in well in the Boston clubhouse.

In terms of our dynasty question, more pertinent than Pearce are the destinies of free-agent pitchers Nathan Eovaldi, Joe Kelly and Craig Kimbrel. Eovaldi and Kelly likely made themselves some money with their October showings. The picture for Kimbrel is murky, given the economic dissolution of the closer concept and the signs of wear and tear he showed this season. For Boston, the bottom line is that the Red Sox will either have to buck up to retain some quality arms, or will have to spend elsewhere for solutions against a lot of other bidders.

The Red Sox system ranked 24th in Keith Law's January rankings, and while Keith lauded Boston's 2017 draft class, those players aren't likely solutions for 2019 roster spots. With so many free agents, the Red Sox will have a certain amount of financial flexibility, given their MLB-high payroll this season. But there is also an opportunity to spend on the margins and attempt to reset their counter against the luxury-tax line. That would be a bit draconian and wouldn't be a very Dave Dombrowski thing to do, but it's an option.

The base of talent will still be there. J.D. Martinez, Mookie Betts, Andrew Benintendi, Xander Bogaerts et al. Rafael Devers should still be on the upswing. Boston probably won't count heavily on a recovered Dustin Pedroia, but he could help. On the pitching staff, David Price can opt out, but it would be a shock if he did. The Sox held a team option on Chris Sale that was such a no-brainer they managed to pick it up even while planning their victory parade.

One metric looked at for this piece was a quick estimate of projected WAR for players who will still be under 30 by the start of next season. The method was a bit rough, but the Red Sox ranked 17th in the measure. You've basically got the Killer B's plus Devers, then it starts to look a little more "veteran." Historically that could mean injuries, decline, poor production-to-pay ratios and such.

Nevertheless, just because the likes of Sale, Price and Martinez are or soon will be on the wrong side of the 30, that doesn't mean they'll fall off a cliff. In fact, their track records are so strong and stable it would be a shock if that happened to any of them. But it's always a worry when too much age creeps onto a roster.

The 2018 title was a top-to-bottom accomplishment and there are some uncertainties here beyond the core. Uncertainties also can be looked at as opportunities in disguise. With the right moves, Boston could be even better next season and beyond. It would not be surprising given how well the Red Sox have been run since John Henry and his partners acquired the team 16 years ago.

When it comes to dynastic possibilities, it's hard, really, to choose among the Dodgers, Yankees, Astros and Red Sox. But Boston has more money than Houston. And as far as the Yankees and Dodgers go, the Red Sox have something from this era those clubs don't: a title.

2. Los Angeles Dodgers
i
The Dodgers have not spent big on outside free-agent additions during the Andrew Friedman era. They skirted the luxury-tax threshold this season to give themselves the option of doing just that over the winter. Of course, that plan was likely put into action in anticipation of what was once a ballyhooed free-agent class that no longer looks particularly likely to remake the league's hierarchy.

The first order of business for the Dodgers is Clayton Kershaw's decision on whether to opt out. That decision will be known within the next couple of days. If he stays, the Dodgers will retain their ace for at least two more seasons for around $35 million per year. It's also possible that L.A. and Kershaw will announce an extension, or that Kershaw is soon to be gone. Right now, all these possibilities seem about equally probable. The key question to ask: If Kershaw were another team's free agent, how hard would the Dodgers pursue him?

Manny Machado is the other headline free agent for the Dodgers. One hopes he had a short-term lease on his dwelling in L.A. Corey Seager will be back at shortstop for the Dodgers next season and for years beyond that. Could the Dodgers spring for the $200 million to $300 million it would take to keep Machado in the fold? Sure. It's possible.

The key to the Dodgers' dynasty hopes is that even as they've built baseball's deepest big league roster, they haven't depleted their farm system. And it's a good one. Yasmani Grandal is a free agent, but Austin Barnes is still around, veteran backups are cheap and L.A. has two of the game's best catching prospects in Keibert Ruiz and Will Smith.

Looking at the Dodgers' roster and the free-agent class to come, sure, they could spring for somebody like Harper, who is young and would make any team better. It would certainly be scary for the rest of the majors if that happened. But the Dodgers don't have to make that kind of acquisition to remain a viable contender. For one thing, they have a very good outfield prospect in Alex Verdugo, who in most organizations probably would have played much of 2018 in the majors. Plus, we don't yet know who 2019's version of Chris Taylor and Max Muncy is going to be.

Every organizational trait you look for in assessing sustainability is in place. Law had the Dodgers' system ranked ninth before the season. As far as under-30 talent already on the 40-man roster, the Dodgers rank third in the majors. They have as much ability to expand payroll as any team in baseball yet also just reset their luxury-tax counter. They have one of baseball's best analytical operations. They have strong records in development in both the majors and the minors.

You can see where this is going. The Dodgers have come up just short two years in a row, but this organization isn't going anywhere. L.A. is not likely to become baseball's version of the 1990s Buffalo Bills.

3. New York Yankees
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Really, it's a toss-up between the Yankees and Dodgers, but L.A. has done more in the postseason. We can't really judge these neo-dynasties by the standards of the days of Mantle and Rizzuto. Teams just aren't going to reel off five, six titles in a row anymore. Even if the Yankees were able to buy the 20 best players in the majors, the sheer randomness of the postseason format would prevent that from happening.

The Dodgers have two pennants during this superteam era. The Yankees have one trip to the American League Championship Series. If the Dodgers win a title next year, we might already begin to refer to them as a dynasty. The Yankees probably need a title and another deep run to get there. That is why L.A. is ranked ahead of the Yankees.

Beyond that, there isn't much to distinguish the clubs. The Yankees have the most under-30 projected WAR of any team's 40-man roster. They have what was ranked by most as a top-five farm system before the season. They reset their luxury-tax counter. And they are the New York Yankees -- they will be in the running for every major free agent who hits the market.

That role as a prime free-agent destination helped bring down the last sustained run of high-level Yankees success. However, general manager Brian Cashman is doing things differently. The spending will be immense, but within the bounds of efficiency. The farm system is no longer neglected. It seems exceedingly unlikely that New York will again succumb to the excesses of the past.

As for that under-30 talent: Aaron Judge, Gary Sanchez, Gleyber Torres, Miguel Andujar, Giancarlo Stanton, Didi Gregorius, Manny Machado (see what we did there) -- it's awesome. The only thing that could hold the Yankees back is if their pitching prospects don't develop and if free-agent additions to the staff don't pan out, which is always a risk. New York is going to need to make some impact rotation additions this winter.
 

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4. Houston Astros
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A big reason why the Astros ranked ahead of the Red Sox in early glimpses at 2019 is the amount of under-30 talent on the roster -- the second-most in the majors by the aforementioned measure. We're talking about Alex Bregman, Carlos Correa, Jose Altuve and George Springer, giving Houston an established group of still-young superstar players no other team can match.

Houston had a veteran pitching staff this season, ranking fourth by age weighted for playing time. This could be very different very soon. Dallas Keuchel (31 by next season) and Charlie Morton (35) are free agents. Justin Verlander (ageless, but will be 36 in chronological time) has one more year left on his contract.

Luckily for Houston, there's no great need to bloat the payroll with free-agent additions to the staff. Jeff Luhnow and his analysts can target value additions, knowing Verlander, Gerrit Cole and Lance McCullers Jr. will still be there. Plus, Brad Peacock and Collin McHugh have both been solid starters in the past, but were moved to the bullpen as much as anything because of Houston's depth. Then there are the kids, led by Forrest Whitley, Framber Valdez and Josh James.

It's important for the Astros to keep their expenditures on pitching in check because the bill will eventually come due on the position talent, which should be augmented by a bigger role for outfield prospect Kyle Tucker next year. Altuve has already inked a $163 million extension. Springer is under contract for next season but will then be entering his final year of arbitration eligibility. Correa is just hitting his arbitration window. Bregman will be there in 2020.

Investing in that talent core will be worthwhile, but it's going to be expensive. According to Cot's Contracts, the Astros haven't featured a top-10 end-of-season payroll since 2009. To keep that train rolling up there above the Crawford Boxes, that's probably going to change.

5. Chicago Cubs
i
This might read as a fairly pessimistic reading of the Cubs' outlook. Let's address that with a couple of quick statements. First, there is a much bigger gap between the Nos. 5 and 6 teams on this list than the Nos. 4 and 5. Second, to rank Cubs here is less a criticism of their organizational state than it is a reality of the ferocity of competition in baseball's elite tier. That's why we're zooming in on these teams today in the first place.

The Cubs have a similar degree of financial might to the Red Sox, Yankees and Dodgers, and certainly more than the Astros. They also have a great collection of under-30 talent, ranking sixth overall. Anthony Rizzo, Javier Baez, Kris Bryant, Willson Contreras and Kyle Schwarber all have time on their side.

Those are all position players, which is of course by design. The Cubs' plan was to augment their talented and stable core of position talent with targeted pitching acquisitions. It's been a trickier needle to thread than anticipated. Jon Lester is still a very good pitcher, but showed signs of slowing down. Yu Darvish can only be looked at as a question mark at this point. And who knows what the hell happened to Tyler Chatwood.

The Cubs have a decision to make on Cole Hamels' option, and that'll happen in the next couple of days. It would be a no-brainer if they knew they'd be getting the Chicago version of Hamels. But that guy hadn't been around much during his past couple of seasons with Texas, and he'll be 35 next season. The Cubs need bullpen help, as well.

Can Chicago throw money at these problems? Should it? Other than Rizzo, the Cubs are looking a roster built with a foundation of players well into their arbitration windows. They've also got Lester, Darvish and Jason Heyward on the books for in excess of a combined $60 million in each of the next two seasons. On top of all that, the Cubs' minor league system is depleted at the upper levels.

This sounds like a dire outlook, but it's really just an explanation of why they rank behind the other superteams. But the Cubs belong firmly in this class.

6. Cleveland Indians
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The Indians have as good a one-two punch in their lineup as anybody in Francisco Lindor and Jose Ramirez. Both players are just hitting their peak years. That is an amazing starting point for any organization.

From there, you go to the Cleveland rotation. Corey Kluber, Carlos Carrasco, Mike Clevinger, Trevor Bauer and Shane Bieber. That group, and the lack of competition in the AL Central, all but ensures the Indians will again be heavy favorites in their division.

However, Cleveland lacks the depth of talent on its big league roster as the other superteams. The bullpen, which was the group that sparked this current Cleveland run in the first place, fell to pieces in 2018 and might have to be built back up from scratch.

The Cleveland farm system is a middling one, made worse in top-level talent by the midseason trade that sent Francisco Mejia to San Diego for Brad Hand and Adam Cimber. There could be some pitching help getting close, and Cleveland's rotation depth should allow the Indians to break in their top arms with supporting roles.

More than anything, the Indians need to upgrade their position group with at least one impact free agent. They wouldn't seem to be in the running for the likes of Machado or Harper. Maybe they could get Josh Donaldson to stick around on a pillow contract, since he needs to re-establish his value and Cleveland is a good fit for him.

However, it remains to be seen how aggressive the Indians can be financially. They've never risen above the middle of the pack in payroll. And despite their on-field success the past few years, the Indians still ranked in the bottom third in attendance in 2018. Chances are, if we do another view of superteams this time next year, the Indians won't be on the list.
 

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Bryce Harper to Giants? It could be a perfect fit

When the Giants tried and failed to convince Giancarlo Stanton to accept a trade to San Francisco last winter, the real driving force behind their effort was not Larry Baer, the team's chief executive officer, nor Brian Sabean, who heads up baseball operations, nor former general manager Bobby Evans. The primary source of enthusiasm seems to have been 85-year-old owner Charles Johnson.

Johnson is well aware of how the signing of Barry Bonds was a turning point in the franchise's history. Bonds reached an agreement with the Giants in December 1992, at age 28, and for whatever else is said about Bonds, he delivered power and fans for the team. He hit 586 homers in 15 seasons, and in those years, San Francisco opened a new ballpark and usually ranked among the MLB leaders in attendance -- home and road. Sources say that Johnson was all-in on the idea of adding Stanton, who had a full no-trade clause and turned down a chance to be dealt to San Francisco.

Which brings us to Bryce Harper.

In so many ways, Harper would provide the Giants exactly what they need right now, as they sort through the rubble of consecutive dismal seasons.


Almost all of the core players from the three championship teams of 2010, 2012 and 2014 have either moved on or are on the downside of their respective careers. Shortstop Brandon Crawford will turn 32 in January and is coming off a season in which he hit .254 with 14 homers. Hunter Pence's contract has expired, and he probably won't be back with the Giants. Brandon Belt, now 30, has missed 118 games over the past two seasons. Buster Posey, who will be 32 in March, is coming off hip surgery; it remains to be seen how much he can contribute in the last three years of his contract. Next year figures to be the last in Bruce Bochy's time as manager of the Giants, before he eventually makes a speech in Cooperstown. Left-hander Madison Bumgarner is the primary holdover who is still in the midst of what should be his most productive seasons.

Meanwhile, execs with other teams say the Giants are still in the very early stages of rebuilding their farm system, and major help might still be several years away.

So they need something to sell for their fans, somebody around whom hope can be built. Harper would certainly draw interest as one of the game's highest-profile players -- just as Bonds was when he left the Pittsburgh Pirates as a free agent. Harper is a former MVP -- like Bonds. He's a polarizing player that fans can't take their eyes off -- just as Bonds was. And he's a left-handed slugger with power so dynamic that even AT&T Park couldn't hold him -- like Bonds.

The market might be a good fit for Harper as well. If he played in New York or Philadelphia, Harper would be scrutinized intensely for everything from his beard to his lapses in the baserunning protocol to his sometimes prickly personality. The most pointed questions that Bonds faced about his PED history seemed to occur when he passed through New York.

In San Francisco, Giants fans liked Bonds for the entertainment he provided, and to this day, they continue to appreciate and embrace him for the player that he was -- and for many, the other issues are irrelevant. That would probably be the case for Harper. And let's set this aside: Harper's 2017 brawl with Hunter Strickland would not be disqualifying, if in fact the Giants ever seriously dig into the idea of wooing Harper. If you're willing to consider an investment of more than $250 million in a player based on his merits, you're not going to worry about whether a teammate might be offended by his presence.

Harper, 26, is coming off what was regarded, generally, as a subpar year for him -- a season of 34 homers, a .393 OBP and 68 extra-base hits with the Washington Nationals. Last season, Andrew McCutchen tied for the Giants' lead in extra-base hits with 45 -- and he was traded in August. Three of San Francisco's eight primary position players posted an OBP under .300; no Giant was within 30 points of Harper's OBP.

So Harper would help on the field -- and off.

The Giants are still in the process of hiring someone to run their baseball operations, but if San Francisco ever got serious about Harper, that new exec would mostly be irrelevant in any Harper pursuit. Given the level of expenditure that Harper would require, neither Chaim Bloom nor Farhan Zaidi nor anybody else would be the most important person for the Giants.

The key guy would be Charles Johnson, who wanted Stanton last winter -- for all of the same reasons that a team might target Harper this winter.

What we're hearing from around the majors
The Cleveland Indians will go into 2019 as prohibitive favorites to win the American League Central, even if they execute trades of some of their more expensive veterans. They will keep shortstop Francisco Lindor and third baseman Jose Ramirez, and even if they deal one or two of their three most prominent starting pitchers -- those being Corey Kluber, Trevor Bauer and Carlos Carrasco -- they will still have the most established staff in the division. By extracting trade value for Edwin Encarnacion or one of their available starters or catchers, the Indians hope to fortify the franchise into the next decade, while reducing payroll. The Indians won't have a lot of money to spend this winter, but whatever spending flexibility they have could be used on outfield help.

• Other teams believe the Chicago Cubs will have very difficult financial decisions this winter, given how they are bumping against the luxury tax threshold already, without having upgraded the team for next season.

• The most surprising qualifying offer might have been that extended by the Los Angeles Dodgers to catcher Yasmani Grandal, who struggled so badly defensively in the postseason that he was booed at Dodger Stadium and benched. But the Dodgers' front office has believed strongly in Grandal since acquiring him from the San Diego Padres, especially in his ability to frame pitches and reach base, and there is very little high-end catching available in the market.

• Last summer, the Giants rejected all overtures about Bumgarner, who is about to enter the last year of his contract with San Francisco. It might or might not be a coincidence that Bumgarner is regarded as a great favorite of Charles Johnson.
 

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Second basemen will be a dime a dozen this winter


Eric Hosmer reached free agency last year after playing in two World Series and winning one, and after doing and saying all the right stuff. He had been an All-Star, won four Gold Gloves, batted .318 in the last season before he hit the market, and yet last January, his choices were stark -- either he accept a multiyear offer from the Padres, a team that hasn't had a winning record in almost a decade, or he could return to the Royals for a lot less money than San Diego offered.

Hosmer mentioned to friends he was surprised he didn't have more alternatives than this, more options. But so much about free agency is about timing, something completely out of the player's control, and it just so happened that when Hosmer reached the market, just about all of the contenders already had first basemen -- and Hosmer was one of many corner infielders in the market, with the reality of supply-and-demand working against most of them.

Hosmer went to San Diego and, yes, the Padres finished 30 games under .500 and in last place again. Meanwhile, longtime teammate Mike Moustakas had to settle for a one-year deal with the Royals.

This winter, the free-agent position of saturation is second base. Spoiler alert: There are going to be really good players at this spot who are still unsigned in January, because the group faces the same problem the corner infielders did a year ago. Most of the contenders already have committed to somebody at the spot.

Astros: Jose Altuve
Red Sox: Dustin Pedroia and Brock ****
Braves: Ozzie Albies
Cubs: Ben Zobrist or Javier Baez, depending on the day
Yankees: Gleyber Torres, perhaps, especially if the Yankees pursue Manny Machado
Brewers: Jonathan Schoop, Travis Shaw, etc.
Dodgers: They have an array of options, including Chris Taylor and Max Muncy

Among teams that didn't make the playoffs in 2018, the Mets like what they saw out of Jeff McNeil, who posted a .381 on-base percentage in 63 games. The Giants can stick with Joe Panik. Joey Wendle played well for the Rays. The Angels can fill second internally, perhaps with Zack Cozart, David Fletcher or Luis Rengifo. Depending on whether the Phillies land Machado in free agency, they could field Cesar Hernandez or Scott Kingery at second.

The Indians might pursue a second baseman, but they won't have much money to spend, in all likelihood, given their intention to manage their payroll this winter.

You get the picture. Not a lot of possible landing spots for second basemen, right?

And here is a partial list of second basemen looking for jobs:

DJ LeMahieu
Jed Lowrie
Daniel Murphy
Josh Harrison
Neil Walker
Brian Dozier
Logan Forsythe
Daniel Descalso
Ian Kinsler
Asdrubal Cabrera

Further complicating the landscape for players at this spot is the increasing preference of contenders to use second base as a place to maximize daily platoon advantages, sometimes opting for better hitters whose defensive deficiencies can be protected by shifts (Muncy and Shaw are two examples of this). This year, the Dodgers used eight players at second base, none of them for more than 47 games; the Cubs used seven players at second, including Baez (91 games), Zobrist (59 games), Ian Happ (one game), David Bote (12 games), Tommy La Stella (13 games) and late-season acquisition Murphy (32 games).

Hosmer did well in the end, landing an eight-year, $144 million contract with the Padres. It'll be interesting to see if the unsigned second basemen this winter can make that much combined, because there does not appear to be that much demand for the position in the market.

What we're hearing from around the major leagues
• Other teams believe the Blue Jays are very open to the idea of moving right-hander Marcus Stroman, as they prepare for a new generation of Toronto players.

• The Braves are looking for a catcher to complement Tyler Flowers.

• Because of how so many players had to wait deep into the winter for free agency last year, the expectation among some execs and agents is that there will be an early push for quick resolution on deals this year.

• Only the Red Sox and Nationals exceeded the Competitive Balance Tax threshold for the 2018 season, and some agents see this as further affirmation that most clubs regard the CBT as a soft salary cap -- and those agents believe that will continue, slowing spending.

• There are more than 50 free-agent relievers, a total almost double that of last year.

• On the agenda at the GM meetings is discussion about the use of technology to steal information during games. There is widespread belief in the game that this is what slowed down the pace of postseason games dramatically, and fueled the voluminous catching mistakes in the playoffs and World Series.
 

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Matt Chapman, DJ LeMahieu rate as best defenders of year

The 2018 season might not have produced a bigger surprise in terms of teams that made the playoffs than the Oakland Athletics. After three consecutive last-place finishes in the American League West, including a 75-win season in 2017, the A's rocketed to 97 wins, the league's fourth-highest total and good enough for a wild-card berth.

While the A's featured a robust, powerful offense and solid run prevention centered around a deep bullpen, nowhere did they shine as brightly relative to other teams as on defense. They led the AL in defensive efficiency, the rate of turning balls in play into outs (.717), thanks in part to Oakland Coliseum's generous foul territory, and they were second in defensive runs saved, with 25.

Befitting their performance, last week all four starters in Oakland's infield -- first baseman Matt Olson, second baseman Jed Lowrie, shortstop Marcus Semien and third baseman Matt Chapman -- were announced as finalists for the 2018 Rawlings Gold Glove Awards at their respective positions. The winners of those awards will be announced Sunday (ESPN, 9 p.m. ET), as will the winners of the Platinum Glove Awards, for the defensive players of the year in each league.

The 25-year-old Chapman, who just completed his first full season in the majors, has a good case for the Platinum Glove. Not only does he have the "wow" factor thanks to an endless highlight reel of his plays, he stands out via the array of defensive metrics that have become part of the Gold Glove process.

In 2013, after decades of criticism and a vote limited to managers and coaches (who couldn't vote for players on their own teams), Rawlings partnered with the Society for American Baseball Research to incorporate advanced statistical measures into the award via the SABR defensive index, an aggregate of five defensive metrics that now accounts for 25 percent of the vote.

The five metrics are of two types: those derived by batted-ball type data (Sports Info Solutions' defensive runs saved, Mitchel Lichtman's ultimate zone rating and Chris Dial's runs effectively defended, a forerunner to later metrics) and those derived via play-by-play data (Michael Humphreys' defensive regression analysis and Sean Smith's total zone rating). DRS is published at both Baseball-Reference.com and FanGraphs, Total Zone only at B-Ref, UZR only at FanGraphs and DRA only at The Baseball Gauge. RED is not publicly available, but Dial has provided me with his spreadsheet upon request.

In addition to those five metrics, we factored in the positional adjustments that account for the degree of difficulty at each spot as part of the wins above replacement formulas -- it's much harder to play shortstop than first base, for example. The defender's overall value, then, is the average of the five metrics plus (or minus) the positional adjustment. On this basis, Chapman scores as the AL's top defender:

Rank Player Pos Adj DRA DRS RED TZ UZR Avg Val
1 Matt Chapman, Oak. 3B 2.2 28.2 29 23.7 21 10.9 22.6 24.8
2 Marcus Semien, Oak. SS 7.3 25.4 9 23.5 10 8.3 15.2 22.5
3 Andrelton Simmons, LAA SS 6.5 16.5 21 6.4 4 19.7 13.5 20.0
4 Francisco Lindor, Cle. SS 7.1 5.3 14 9.4 2 14.1 9.0 16.1
5 Rougned Odor, Tex. 2B 1.9 12.8 10 13.5 11 6.9 10.8 12.7
6 Jose Iglesias, Det. SS 5.4 3.9 1 12.2 9 8.2 6.9 12.3
7 Kevin Kiermaier, TB CF 1.3 19.3 14 3.9 5 9.8 10.4 11.7
8 Martin Maldonado, LAA/Hou C 8.3 5.0 3 4.8 1 3.2* 3.4 11.7
9 Mike Zunino, Sea. C 7.8 -9.0 12 2.9 4 6.4* 3.3 11.1
10 Jean Segura, Sea. SS 6.5 1.1 5 4.7 11 0.8 4.5 11.0
* Catcher values use Baseball Prospectus FRAA, not UZR

FanGraphs' positional adjustments for a full season of 1,458 innings (162 games x 9 innings) are plus-12.5 runs for catcher, plus-7.5 for shortstop, plus-2.5 for second base, third base and center field, minus-7.5 runs for left field and right field, minus-12.5 runs for first base and minus-17.5 runs for designated hitter. Each player's positional adjustment, as seen in the accompanying chart, is based on his fraction of those 1,458 innings, and as you can see, nobody at any position with a negative positional adjustment is anywhere close to the league's top 10 in overall defensive value.

Note that because catchers don't have UZRs, I've taken a bit of artistic license by swapping in Baseball Prospectus' fielding runs above average, which incorporates pitch framing (as does DRS) and is considered the gold standard for catcher defense, though it isn't actually used in the SABR defensive index. There's no Statcast data yet as part of the SDI, either, but it's reasonable to think that as MLB Advanced Media gets a better handle on the immense wealth of data its system is producing, some day that will be part of the process as well.

Even with a lesser positional adjustment than his neighbor to the left, Semien, Chapman comes out as the league's top defender. He led all major league third basemen in each of the five SDI measures, though as you can see, the estimates as to his actual value in terms of runs varies somewhat because the metrics' methodologies and data inputs differ. Semien led all shortstops in RED and DRA, but he was third in UZR, fourth in TZ and seventh in DRS; Andrelton Simmons led in UZR and tied with the Diamondbacks' Nick Ahmed for the lead in DRS.

Among that top 10, the only players who weren't named Gold Glove finalists at their respective positions are Jose Iglesias, Kevin Kiermaier, Jean Segura and Mike Zunino. With the two shortstops, it's not hard to understand why; by the numbers, they're simply a tier below Semien, Simmons and Francisco Lindor, the three finalists. Zunino benefits from my inclusion of the BP metrics, as his 7.5 framing runs placed him in the upper third of qualifying catchers, tied with finalist Yan Gomes and ahead of fellow finalists Martin Maldonado (5.9) and Salvador Perez (-8.2). Kiermaier, a 2015 and 2016 Gold Glove winner, was limited to 88 games by a torn ligament in his right thumb, leaving him fewer opportunities to impress the voters than finalists Jackie Bradley Jr., Adam Engel and Mike Trout, none of whom stood out consistently among the various measures.

Turning to the National League, here's the leaderboard:

Rank Player Pos Adj DRA DRS RED TZ UZR Avg Val
1 DJ LeMahieu, Col. 2B 1.9 30.9 18 20.0 23 11.0 20.6 22.5
2 Nick Ahmed, Ari. SS 6.4 20.4 21 2.7 23 4.6 14.3 20.7
3 Jeff Mathis, Ari. C 4.5 20.8 17 2.5 6 18.3* 12.9 17.4
4 Kolten Wong, St. L. 2B 1.6 10.5 19 12.0 12 13.4 13.4 15.0
5 Ender Inciarte, Atl. CF 2.3 14.9 17 5.5 11 7.2 11.1 13.4
6 Manny Pina, Mil. C 6.4 7.9 6 5.0 8 7.0* 6.8 13.2
7 Yasmani Grandal, LAD C 8.8 -7.9 9 -0.2 1 17.7* 3.9 12.7
8 Brandon Crawford, SF SS 6.4 13.1 6 8.8 2 -0.9 5.8 12.2
9 Addison Russell, CHC SS 5.2 0.2 13 11.3 4 2.0 6.1 11.3
10 Paul DeJong, St. L. SS 5.2 0.7 14 6.7 2 7.1 6.1 11.3

As with the AL, a non-shortstop had a strong enough season in the field to overcome the larger positional adjustment of the top shortstop. DJ LeMahieu, a two-time Gold Glove winner, led all major leaguers at any position in DRA and all second basemen in the other four metrics, some by wide margins.

Ahmed, as noted, tied for the lead in DRS, led all shortstops in TZ and all NL shortstops in DRA, though Paul DeJong had the league's top UZR and Addison Russell the league's top RED. Neither DeJong nor Russell made the Gold Glove final cut alongside Ahmed (who's never won) and Brandon Crawford (a three-time winner); instead, Freddy Galvis did. Playing time might have been a factor, as DeJong missed seven weeks due to a fractured metacarpal in his left hand and Russell played in just 129 games (starting 110) due to a sprained left middle finger and a season-ending suspension for violating the league's domestic violence policy

The big surprise here is the showing of Ahmed's teammate, Jeff Mathis, who is one of the majors' worst hitters (.200/.272/.272 for a 47 wRC+, tied for eighth-worst among players with at least 200 plate appearances). That was bad enough to limit his exposure to just 61 starts and 523⅔ total innings behind the plate, 37th among all catchers. Nonetheless, he was first in BP's FRAA (sixth in framing runs at 11.8), but as that isn't officially in the SDI, it's no wonder he didn't place among the Gold Glove finalists.

Likewise for Yasmani Grandal, who just experienced an October from hell on both sides of the ball, to the point that he lost his starting job during the Dodgers' run to the World Series. He led the majors with 15.7 framing runs, and while not as well-rounded in pitch blocking or throwing as Mathis, he ranked second among all catchers in FRAA.

Manny Pina is a Gold Glove finalist, as is eight-time Gold Glove winner Yadier Molina, who did not have his typically strong season when it came to the metrics (particularly framing), and one-time winner Buster Posey, whose framing fell off as well and who missed the final six weeks of the season due to hip labrum surgery. It's fair to suggest that both Molina and Posey benefited from their reputations.

Indeed, coasting on reputation has always been the biggest problem with the Gold Glove Awards. Some players, such as five-time winner Derek Jeter, have filled their mantels despite metrics that suggest they were mediocre or even dreadfully subpar fielders who might have been sure-handed when they got to the ball (thus making few errors), but didn't actually reach a proportion in line with the league's best (the much more important component of fielding). The SDI, and a general awareness of defensive metrics, has helped to correct for that, but the inexactitude of measurement -- particularly when it takes more than a single-season sample to get a read on a fielder's true talent level -- and the subjectivity of voters will continue to make the process an imperfect one.
 

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Answering the biggest 2019 NBA draft questions

Who will challenge for the No. 1 pick? Will there be another Trae Young? And what's next for alternative NBA draft paths?

ESPN draft experts Jonathan Givony, Mike Schmitz and Kevin Pelton answer the big questions before the college basketball season tips off.


How deep is this race for No. 1, and how far ahead is the current favorite?
Givony: Sometimes one player emerges very early as the favorite for the No. 1 pick and never looks back. LeBron James, Anthony Davis, John Wall, Andrew Wiggins and Greg Oden are good examples of that, for better or worse. This doesn't appear to be one of those years.

Even though RJ Barrett has been the unanimous choice as the projected No. 1 pick since our very first forecast, his hold on that slot remains tentative, pending more information. Barrett has done everything possible to separate himself from the pack at this stage, but there are at least three other candidates -- two of which are Duke teammates -- he'll have to fend off to eventually hear his name called first by Adam Silver on June 20.

NBA executives we've spoken with mostly call the race for No. 1 a four-player contest, with the drop-off to the next tier of prospects being relatively substantial. In addition to Barrett, Duke's Zion Williamson and Cam Reddish are also firmly in the mix, as well as North Carolina's Nassir Little, who only emerged this past spring during the high school all-star game circuit as a serious contender. NBA teams don't appear to be convinced or enamored with the star power of this group, saying privately that it remains to be seen whether any of these prospects project to be the best player on a NBA playoff-caliber team down the line.



How do the top prospects project statistically?

Pelton: The addition of AAU stats from the Nike Elite Youth Basketball (EYBL) compiled by ESPN Analytics to my draft projections allows us to rank some top recruits going into their freshmen season for the first time. When researching the value of EYBL stats prior to the 2018 draft, I found them similarly effective at projecting players to the NBA as college performance.

Projections: Top 10 NBA draft prospects
Player
Team Top 100 Stats Rank Consensus
Cameron Reddish Duke 4 2.3 6 2.8
R.J. Barrett Duke 1 0.9 36 2.6
Bol Bol Oregon 10 2.6 5 2.5
Dedric Lawson Kansas 81 3.2 1 2.0
Shamorie Ponds St. John's 32 2.6 4 1.9
Markus Howard Marquette 82 2.9 2 1.8
Ja Morant Murray State 16 1.8 8 1.7
Darius Garland Vanderbilt 9 1.3 21 1.7
Sam Hauser Marquette 96 2.7 3 1.6
Kevin Porter USC 21 1.4 16 1.3

Of the contenders for the No. 1 pick, two -- Barrett and Reddish -- played in the EYBL. Reddish was effective there, giving him the second-best stats-only projection among freshmen behind Bol Bol. Barrett finished an incredible 42 percent of his team's plays, but after translating for level of play, his 2-point percentage and steal rate were poor. So he ranks second on the strength of his spot atop the Top 100, though Barrett's stats-only projection will end up dominated by college play because he got only 233 minutes of EYBL action.

Bol was the best of this year's freshmen in EYBL play, making 69 percent of his 2-point attempts and blocking nearly 11 percent of opponent 2-point attempts. Meanwhile, Kentucky forward Keldon Johnson was the least effective top prospect in the EYBL and could be inefficient as a freshman given his limited 3-point range and high turnover rate.

Kansas transfer Dedric Lawson has the best projection among returning prospects thanks to a well-rounded game. He projects among the top quarter of NBA-bound small forwards in six different categories, and does not rank in the bottom quarter in any of the 10 skills I consider. Markus Howard projects well thanks to 45 percent 3-point shooting in his first two seasons, though the 5-foot-11 Howard will surely have to play point guard in the NBA. Howard's Marquette teammate Sam Hauser is another outstanding 3-point shooter (47 percent the past two seasons), albeit at lower volume.


Who will be the first non-freshman college player drafted?
Givony: Mikal Bridges had this honor in 2018 at the No. 10 pick. In 2017 it was Luke Kennard at No. 12. That's a far cry from previous years. On average a non-freshman was picked No. 4 overall (and no lower than No. 6) in the 10 previous drafts. Will we continue to see NBA teams shy away from non-freshmen collegiates in the top-10 moving forward?

The highest such players in that mold -- sophomore Daniel Gafford, redshirt sophomore De'Andre Hunter and junior Rui Hachimura -- are projected at No. 11, 12 and 13 in our upcoming Top 100, with room to rise. Jontay Porter looked like a strong candidate to crack the top 10 as well, but he was just ruled out for the duration of the 2018-2019 season after tearing both his ACL and MCL, something that will make cracking the lottery far more unlikely.


What's the strongest position group this time?
Schmitz: After the year of the lead guard (2017) and a barrage of bigs (2018), what's next? Big guards, wings and combo forwards. While there may not be a bona fide future MVP at the top or a slew of All-Stars in the lottery, this group could fill huge needs throughout the modern NBA.

The first eight players in ESPN's Top 100 stand between 6-foot-5 and 6-9, with seven of them classified as big guards, wings or combo forwards. Between Barrett, Little, Reddish, Johnson, Romeo Langford, Quentin Grimes and Sekou Doumbouya, the top 10 is littered with versatile, switchable prospects. And even the other three have new-age qualities.

While a limited shooter, Williamson is a powerful, explosive small-ball 4/5 with an underrated handle and passing instincts. Although slight, Vanderbilt point guard Darius Garland is an explosive, ultra-skilled 6-3 PG in the Trae Young archetype. Then there's Bol -- a 7-3 beanpole with excellent fluidity, shot-blocking instincts and natural touch that extends to 3.

Every team is looking for these skill sets.


How does the international class look?
Givony: The 2018 class was salvaged by Luka Doncic, arguably the most heralded European prospect ever and the eventual No. 3 pick. This year the best two candidates to crash the lottery -- Doumbouya and Luka Samanic -- are off to relatively slow starts that raise serious doubts about their lofty projections.

Can anyone emerge from the pack? Some scouts were highly skeptical about Doncic last year, and the next international player after him (Dzanan Musa) wasn't selected until 25 picks later. Elie Okobo dropped 44 points on 17 shots in the French playoffs and still ended up in the second round. If those guys couldn't get NBA teams excited, what will? Probably not a pair of 18-year olds who are still finding their footing at the professional level.

Will more internationals elect to join U.S. colleges and prove themselves against similarly aged players, like Hachimura and Charles Bassey this year and Joel Embiid, Ben Simmons and Lauri Markkanen did previously? And are the challenges facing Doumbouya and Samanic a preview of how one-and-done teenagers might look playing in the G League?


Who are this year's Trae Young, Shai Gilgeous-Alexander and Zhaire Smith?
Schmitz: There's usually a freshman or two we don't see coming as a surprise one-and-done. Young, Gilgeous-Alexander and Smith all started last year outside our mock before crashing the top 16. Who are the candidates to watch this time?

Tyler Herro | PG/SG | Kentucky

Herro figures to play a big role on a Kentucky team that's short on shooting. He displays footwork and touch from deep, even rising up out of pick-and-roll, suggesting he should be able to play on the ball some given his feel. His negative wingspan and sub-par defense aren't ideal, but the he has the positional size and skill set teams covet.

Kevin Porter | SG | USC

Loaded with natural talent, the 6-5, 220-pound lefty plays a James Harden-style of basketball, putting defenders on skates with his combination of power and quickness. He's one of the more gifted shot-creators in the country, and the Trojans appear willing to put the ball in his hands as the season progresses. He made a name for himself in a scrimmage against the 2018 Hoop Summit USA team, shining in front of NBA scouts as the best player on a court that also featured Reddish, Langford and Grimes.

If he can stay focused and healthy, Porter has a chance to be a major player in the 2019 draft. Those remain big ifs, though, as he has long been known for his bouts of inconsistency and nagging injuries. Porter has been dinged up in the preseason, and he might have a slow start to the year as he's still learning how to defend and play in a system. But in a draft short on high-end talent, Porter is an intriguing prospect to follow.

Luguentz Dort | PG/SG | Arizona State

Dort has opened some eyes with his physicality, hard-nosed defense and ability to get downhill as a jumbo combo guard. He is a developing shooter and decision maker, but the Pac-12 is wide open and the Sun Devils sound committed to giving him on-ball reps, which should elevate his production and stock. Already physically developed, Dort could help an NBA team defensively right now.
 

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What's next for alternative draft paths?
Givony: The guilty verdicts in last week's pay-for-play trial once again brought to light the criticisms many have with the NCAA's amateurism model, opening the door for additional draft pathways until the NBA rescinds the one-and-done rule. Last year saw two American prospects -- Anfernee Simons and Mitchell Robinson -- take separate unconventional routes to the NBA. Simons entered as a fifth year post-graduate via IMG Academy, and Robinson simply sat out the year.

The Australian NBL has reacted by instituting a Next Stars program, recruiting one of the FBI investigations' main casualties in Brian Bowen, who is quietly having a strong start to the season. The G League also created its own professional path that will debut in the summer of 2019 at NBA summer league. It remains to be seen if elite high school prospects will embrace these alternatives, as they grew up in the one-and-done era and might be skeptical about the risk involved with untested paths. But there are undoubtedly more options now.

After Simons was drafted No. 24 and Mitchell Robinson went No. 36, Darius Bazley (rated No. 16 in his high school class) is an interesting case in 2019. Like Robinson, Bazley will not be playing organized basketball for the duration of the season, instead focusing on training for pre-draft workouts in June while cashing in on a lucrative endorsement opportunity he secured from New Balance.

Executives with some NBA teams wonder if we will start seeing players look to reclassify and graduate high school earlier in order to accelerate their draft timetable. Out of the 76 members of the 2019 high school class currently designated as NBA prospects in the DraftExpress database, 49 were technically old enough to have been eligible for the 2019 draft by fulfilling the "one year removed from high school graduation" requirement. In fact, 10 of those players also would have been eligible to be picked in the 2018 draft since they were born in 1999. Instead, those 1999-born players won't actually be eligible to enter the draft until 2020, two years after their similarly-aged international counterparts.

With more players leaving traditional high schools for prep schools with their own structures, clearing the one-year-removed requirement becomes less clear. Will we eventually see players look to accelerate their timetables with online courses, forcing the NBA into rulings it is likely not comfortable making about the somewhat ambiguous language found in the Collective Bargaining Agreement? There is quite a bit of money at stake, especially with the NBA and NBPA stalled on reaching a new age-limit agreement.
 

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NBA draft stock watch: Scouting Zion, Barrett and Grimes


Who stood out in Kentucky-Duke and Kansas-MSU? What are the key takeaways for NBA teams?

We scout Zion Williamson, RJ Barrett, Quentin Grimes and more prospects.






Zion Williamson | Duke


Jonathan Givony: Under the watchful eyes of practically the entire NBA, Williamson looked just as good as advertised, if not substantially better. He played a nearly flawless game, appearing to be every bit the part of the No. 1 pick in the draft, orchestrating an embarrassing blowout of No. 2 Kentucky with an absurd stat line of 28 points and 7 rebounds in just 23 minutes on a sparkling 11-13 shooting from the field.

Responding to the concerns about his jump shot, he canned a 3-pointer, pulled up for an 18-footer and made five of his seven free throws -- not bad considering this is supposed to be the weakest part of his game. After watching him brick or airball jumper after jumper in warmups, it's fair to wonder how likely this is to continue, but for now it's tough to find too much to criticize.

Kentucky started off by putting projected top-20 pick PJ Washington on Williamson, an ideal matchup with his 7-foot-3 wingspan and 230-pound frame. When it became clear he had no chance, the Wildcats tried their most veteran player, fifth-year senior Reid Travis, who was also left in the dust on numerous occasions by Williamson's outrageous combination of strength, quickness and explosiveness. Freshman EJ Montgomery was next, and he too was embarrassed repeatedly. Mike Krzyzewski is giving his 18-year-old freshman incredible freedom to initiate the offense and utilize his playmaking ability as he sees fit, and Williamson rewarded him with big play after big play.

While the highlight reel blocks and finishes were exhilarating, Williamson did just as good of a job showing off his skill level and feel, grabbing and going off the defensive glass, forcing turnovers and feeding teammates unselfishly with creative bounce passes and long outlets. He is ridiculously powerful changing speeds in the open floor and from a standstill in the half-court with potent crossovers. He's also exceptionally difficult to contain in the post, with his polished footwork and body control allowing him to spin off opponents gracefully and violently before elevating off a pogo stick for smooth finishes.

Opposing coaches will likely study the film and try to devise better ways to slow down Williamson than Kentucky was able to do, but when he's playing like this, there is very little that can be done at the college level to contain someone with his talent.









RJ Barrett | Duke


Mike Schmitz: Barrett looked like a potential top pick in his own right, attacking the rim relentlessly while showcasing a tighter, improved catch-and-shoot 3-ball on his way to setting Duke's all-time freshman record for points in a debut, with 33. Barrett was simply too physical for a much smaller Kentucky backcourt, using his combination of strength at 6-foot-7, aggression and slight change of speed to get to his left hand in both the open court and transition. He shot 10-19 from inside the arc, 3-7 from 3 and got to the free throw line eight times. Keldon Johnson made it tough on Barrett for stretches, but the Canadian lefty figures to really thrive with NBA spacing, where he can rely on those big strides.

Barrett should live at the free throw line all season. He even mixed in a couple of right-hand finishes and floaters that we haven't seen a ton of in the past. While he's wired to score, he also made a few nice reads out of quick actions, and he's more than adept as a facilitator. Barrett is still not a dynamic pull-up shooter, and he uses quite a few dribbles to get his offense at times. But this is the kind of dominant performance scouts have become used to with his three-level scoring, confidence and overall star power.









Keldon Johnson | Kentucky


Schmitz: Johnson was Kentucky's lone standout from a prospect perspective, not shying away from the bright lights to turn in a well-rounded 23-point performance with highlights on both ends of the floor. The 6-foot-6, 211-pound wing had a number of aggressive downhill drives to the rim, using his excellent frame and extension to finish through contact and over length. He also showed some touch in the paint, dropping in a floater in traffic. While Johnson's shooting has long been a question mark, his stroke looked far from broken, including a smooth catch-and-shoot 3 on the wing and a transition pull-up with his foot on the line. So long as he's making spots, Johnson should be a load for defenses in space as a straight-line driver, even if his struggles changing speeds and direction with the ball showed for brief stretches.

Johnson also competed against Barrett on the defensive end, attempting to match his physicality and forcing him into tough attempts in the paint. Scouts like to see which prospects rise and which ones hide on the grandest of stages, and Johnson most certainly looked like a top-10 pick here.









Cam Reddish | Duke


Schmitz: Reddish turned in an effective performance (22 points on 14 shots in just 24 minutes) that featured three smooth catch-and-shoot 3s and seven free throws drawn by aggressive straight-line drives to the rim. While he did settle for a couple of deep jumpers and a low-percentage fallaway against a switch, Reddish used his size, fluidity and handle to get into the paint, even finishing through contact with his off hand. His willingness to embrace contact was a welcome sign, as that hasn't always been his reputation in the past. Reddish also used his 7-foot wingspan to make plays defensively, finishing with four steals.

Reddish has as much defensive potential as any of Duke's big three, and he showed flashes of that. With Barrett and Williamson figuring to dominate the ball more often than not, it's unknown how much of Reddish's playmaking we'll get to see this season, but he was steady in his role during the blowout win.









Quentin Grimes | Kansas


Schmitz: Kansas' 6-foot-5 combo guard made an excellent impression on NBA scouts, answering questions about his shooting stroke by cashing six of his first eight 3s, some coming from well beyond the NBA arc. Prior to Tuesday, Grimes was shooting a career 85-of-288 (29.5 percent) from 3, according to our database. But with more than a hundred NBA executives on hand, Grimes shot the ball with confidence, displayed tremendous mechanics and footwork, and played his usual smart, mature, mistake-free basketball.

He plays within himself, almost always makes the right read and can moonlight at point guard. (He dropped four assists and just one turnover). On the defensive end, Grimes was rock solid, forcing Josh Langford into long, contested 2s and staying active off the ball. He still has questions to answer about his finishing (1-of-4 inside the arc) and overall upside, but Grimes checks a lot of different boxes.









Dedric Lawson | Kansas


Givony: Lawson showed why he is likely to become one of the more controversial prospects in this class. He shot just 5-18 from the field, doing his best work operating from the center position with his ability to post up and draw fouls in bunches. He also went 10-12 from the free throw line, grabbed 14 rebounds and dished out 6 assists, showing the terrific basketball IQ and versatility that make him such a unique prospect at 6-foot-8 with a 7-foot-2½ wingspan.

It's clear that Lawson used his redshirt season to his advantage physically by tightening up his frame. That was imperative considering he lacks much in the way of quickness and explosiveness. He is a short strider who doesn't get up and down the floor very well, struggles to get off the ground for finishes and has quite a bit of trouble stepping outside of the paint defensively -- all major issues for an NBA big man. Lawson's overall feel helps compensate for that to an extent. He can handle the ball effectively, and he was utilized as a playmaker in intriguing 4/5 pick-and-rolls that allowed his court vision to shine. He gravitates to the glass naturally and uses his length to corral rebounds on both ends of the floor. He was impressive getting in the passing lanes and protecting the rim, staying vertical and walling off opponents despite not being much of a leaper.

The biggest key for Lawson will be his evolution as a shooter. He made just 30 percent of his 3s in his first two college seasons and missed both of his attempts from outside Tuesday, but he was on fire during Kansas' two exhibition games. He has promising shooting mechanics and has always been a solid free throw shooter, so there is plenty to be optimistic about long term.

Lawson has long been an analytics darling who is beloved by draft models due to his excellent assist, rebound, steal and block rates, but he was repeatedly given the cold shoulder by NBA teams while at Memphis. Now going into his fourth season of college basketball while still only 21 years old, he appears to be in a much better position to utilize his diverse skill set. He's likely in store for a huge year from a productivity standpoint, though there are still questions about exactly what type of NBA prospect he is.





Devon Dotson | Kansas


Givony: Dotson played a major role in Kansas' win over Michigan State, handling a veteran Spartan backcourt with poise and showing significant potential on both ends of the floor. Dotson is one of the more explosive open-court players you'll find, able to accelerate impressively while turning defensive rebounds into transition opportunities. Even though he's still learning to fully harness his tremendous speed, the fast-paced nature of the NBA game will likely suit him quite well.

On top of that, he seems to be making strides with his jumper, knocking down three of his five attempts from beyond the arc. Showing real confidence with this part of his game bodes well for his ability to develop into the type of complete offensive weapon NBA covets from lead guards. On top of that, he defended his position effectively, fighting over the top of screens with his strong frame, heating up the ball far away from the basket and getting in the passing lanes repeatedly.

Dotson's decision-making skills are clearly a work in progress, as evidenced by his three assists and four turnovers. It's also not a given that his jump shot will be as consistent over the course of the season considering his unconventional mechanics and spotty track record. Nevertheless, his tremendous speed, willingness to defend and strong frame give him definite NBA potential that he will likely be able to tap into after two or three seasons at Kansas.
 

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NBA mock draft: New risers and fallers in the lottery

What has changed in our NBA mock draft since the start of the college basketball season?

Here's our new projection for both rounds, plus the latest on the big risers and fallers.


2019 NBA mock draft
Pick
Player Team POS HT WT Age
1. ATL
Zion Williamson Duke PF 6-6 272 18.3
2. CHI RJ Barrett Duke SG/SF 6-7 208 18.4
3. PHX Nassir Little North Carolina SF 6-6 215 18.7
4. CLE Cam Reddish Duke SF 6-9 205 19.2
5. NYK Bol Bol Oregon C 7-2 222 19.0
6. BOS (via SAC) Romeo Langford Indiana SF 6-6 202 19.0
7. ORL Keldon Johnson Kentucky SF 6-6 210 19.1
8. WAS Sekou Doumbouya Limoges PF 6-9 210 17.9
9. ATL (via DAL) Kevin Porter USC PG/SG 6-6 217 18.5
10. BKN Ja Morant Murray St PG 6-3 170 19.2
11. MIA Darius Garland Vanderbilt PG 6-3 173 18.8
12. MIN Quentin Grimes Kansas SG 6-6 207 18.5
13. SAS De'Andre Hunter Virginia PF 6-8 222 20.9
14. BOS (via MEM) Rui Hachimura Gonzaga PF 6-9 234 20.8
15. DET Daniel Gafford Arkansas C 6-10 223 20.1
16. LAL Jarrett Culver Texas Tech SG 6-5 190 19.7
17. CHA Nickeil Alexander-Walker Virginia Tech PG/SG 6-6 200 20.2
18. NOP Jontay Porter Missouri C 6-11 236 19.0
19. UTA Luguentz Dort Arizona St SG 6-5 224 19.6
20. POR PJ Washington Kentucky PF 6-8 223 20.2
21. HOU Jalen Smith Maryland PF 6-10 196 18.6
22. IND Jalen McDaniels San Diego St SF/PF 6-10 190 20.8
23. PHI Eric Paschall Villanova PF 6-8 260 22.0
24. BOS (via LAC) Talen Horton-Tucker Iowa St SF 6-4 239 18.0
25. OKC Jalen Lecque Brewster Academy PG/SG 6-4 189 18.4
26. BOS Jaylen Hoard Wake Forest PF 6-9 219 19.6
27. BKN (via DEN) Luka Samanic Olimpija Ljubljana PF 6-11 210 18.8
28. GSW Darius Bazley N/A SF/PF 6-9 196 18.4
29. SAS (via TOR) Ty Jerome Virginia SG 6-5 200 21.3
30. MIL Brandon Clarke Gonzaga PF 6-8 210 22.1
31. ATL Naz Reid LSU PF/C 6-10 252 19.2
32. PHI (via CHI) Shamorie Ponds St. John's PG 6-1 175 20.4
33. PHX Isaiah Roby Nebraska PF 6-8 226 20.8
34. ORL (via CLE) Goga Bitadze Mega Bemax C 6-11 251 19.3
35. BKN (via NYK) Charles Matthews Michigan SF 6-6 180 22.0
36. PHI (via SAC) Dedric Lawson Kansas PF 6-8 225 21.1
37. SAC (via ORL) Charles Bassey Western Kentucky C 6-11 234 18.0
38. CHA (via WAS) Kris Wilkes UCLA SF/PF 6-8 205 20.1
39. DAL Carsen Edwards Purdue PG 6-0 196 20.7
40. ORL (via BKN) Tyus Battle Syracuse SG/SF 6-6 200 21.1
41. MIN (via MIA) Brandon Randolph Arizona SG 6-5 177 21.2
42. SAC (via MIN) Killian Tillie Gonzaga PF/C 6-10 230 20.5
43. SAS Sagaba Konate West Virginia C 6-8 246 21.6
44. MEM Brian Bowen Sydney SF 6-7 202 20.1
45. DET Dean Wade Kansas St PF 6-10 225 22.0
46. ATL (via LAL) Ky Bowman Boston College PG 6-1 182 21.4
47. ATL (via CHA) Kerwin Roach Texas PG/SG 6-3 160 22.0
48. NOP Admiral Schofield Tennessee SF/PF 6-5 238 21.6
49. UTA Jarrey Foster SMU SF 6-6 220 21.9
50. LAC (via POR) Cameron Johnson North Carolina SF/PF 6-9 210 22.7
51. NYK (via HOU) Dylan Windler Belmont SF 6-7 195 22.1
52. IND Matisse Thybulle Washington SF 6-6 201 21.7
53. PHI Aric Holman Mississippi St. PF 6-10 225 21.3
54. LAC Markis McDuffie Wichita St SF 6-8 185 21.2
55. OKC Adam Mokoka Mega Bemax SG 6-5 213 20.3
56. MEM (via BOS) Udoka Azubuike Kansas C 7-0 274 19.1
57. MIL (via DEN) Bruno Fernando Maryland C 6-10 233 20.2
58. GSW Louis Olinde Bamberg SF/PF 6-10 188 20.6
59. TOR Terence Davis Mississippi SG 6-4 208 21.5
60. SAC (via MIL) Yovel Zoosman Maccabi Tel Aviv SF 6-6 200 20.5
 

Skooby

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Kevin Porter | SG | USC


Up from No. 21 to No. 9

Porter entered the season on our list of potential breakout freshmen, thanks to his tremendous talent level as a shifty shot-creator with effortless scoring instincts. We opted to err on the side of caution with his initial ranking, as his first month or so on campus featured a hand injury and highs and lows with effort and reliability. But Porter has started to settle in nicely in Los Angeles while wowing scouts with his combination of size, power, shot-making and live-dribble game. Porter's initial statement came against Darius Garland and Vanderbilt, with a host of NBA scouts and high-ranking executives on hand. He looked like a top-five pick for a stretch in the first half while scoring, facilitating with either hand and making plays defensively.

Porter now averages 22.1 points per 40 minutes on 65.6 percent from 2 and 35 percent from 3. If you flip on just his highlights, he looks like one of the more impressive freshmen in the country, with his dynamic transition play and ability to get his shot on command. But despite his improving stock, Porter has a ways to go in terms of impacting winning. He hasn't played in much structure throughout his career, so concepts such as team defense and offensive decision-making remain fairly foreign.

Teams will want to see Porter find more ways to win games and make his teammates better, as he certainly has the passing instincts but often lets opponents off the hook by settling for contested pull-ups. His next big test will come Dec. 1 against a tough Nevada team that figures to make him work on both ends of the floor. -- Schmitz





Ja Morant | PG | Murray State

Up from No. 16 to No. 10

Morant burst onto the NBA scouting radar with an outstanding freshman season at Murray State, followed by a breakout performance at the CP3 Elite Guard camp. With 50-plus NBA scouts in Tuscaloosa to watch him on Monday night, he took another huge step toward national prominence, dropping 38 points with eight rebounds and five assists on Alabama, and coming fairly close to pulling off the upset.

With this being just one of two games Murray State will play against high-major competition (the other coming on Dec. 22 against Auburn), this was an extremely important evaluation point for executives, giving them the rare opportunity to see Morant against NBA-caliber size, length and athleticism. Morant passed this test with flying colors, looking like by far the best athlete on the floor for all 40 minutes he played, as well as easily the best long-term prospect. The highlights he produced were overwhelmingly impressive, particularly the array of dunks he dropped, leaving a lasting impression that should go a long way in solidifying his candidacy as the top point guard in this draft.

Morant is one of the most explosive guards you'll find at the college level, both vertically and horizontally. He got to the rim whenever he pleased against Alabama's defense, changing gears from a standstill and attacking the paint with ferocity that belied his extremely narrow frame. He's an advanced ball handler with polished footwork and excellent body control, even if his lack of strength and average length makes it difficult for him to finish everything. He did a great job of blending his scoring with playmaking, showing excellent vision and creativity getting teammates involved, even if they weren't always able to convert for assists. He went 0-for-4 from beyond the arc, but he's showing a lot more promise with his jumper this season. He should be able to iron out this part of his game in time, as evidenced by the six 3s he made in his previous game.

Where Morant will have to improve the most once he reaches the NBA is with his frame, decision-making and casual approach to the game on both ends of the floor. He turned the ball over 10 times in this game, looking for home run passes a little too aggressively at times, and playing far too straight up off the ball defensively. He dies on screens frequently. He can be slow getting back on defense and very gambly trying to get in the passing lanes. That said, he shows plenty of potential in this part of his game as well, thanks to his quickness and instincts, and he should be able to become more solid in time with added strength and coaching.

Most every scout we spoke with after the game came away extremely impressed by what Morant displayed, leading us to move him into the top 10. -- Givony







Nickeil Alexander-Walker | PG/SG | Virginia Tech

Up from No. 26 to No. 17

The 20-year-old combo guard is gaining considerable steam among NBA scouts after an outstanding showing at the Charleston Classic, which included a 25-point, 7-rebound, 3-assist outing in a win over Purdue. Through five games (all wins), Alexander-Walker is averaging 19.6 points, 5.4 rebounds, 4.4 assists and 2.4 steals on 60.9 percent shooting from 2 and 40 percent from 3. So far, he looks much more like the multifaceted big guard we envisioned when we first evaluated him at Adidas Nations in 2015, rather than the fairly one-dimensional spot-up shooter we saw last year.

In 33 games as a freshman, Alexander-Walker used only 35 pick-and-roll possessions, generating a measly 0.657 points per play while connecting on only four pull-up jumpers all season. Spot-ups made up 37.8 percent of his offense, with 68.5 percent of his shots classified as jump shots, according to Synergy Sports. Although it's still early, Alexander-Walker's greatly increased on-ball duties have done wonders for his draft stock. He has already used 30 pick-and-roll possessions (35.7 percent of his offense) and is 8-of-14 on pull-ups, looking much more dynamic on the move. Most importantly, he has shown the vision and ambidextrous live-dribble passing that should allow him to play on the ball some in the NBA.

He's rarely sped up and has the physical profile NBA teams are looking for in a big guard at 6-foot-6, 200 pounds with a 6-foot-9 wingspan. He's an instinctual, competitive defender who should be able to check positions 1-3 as his impressive frame continues to fill out. Alexander-Walker is a high-floor prospect who at the very least can knock down spot 3s, think the game at a high level and defend his position. But it's his growing ability to play on the ball that could catapult him into the lottery conversation in what's considered a weak point guard draft. He should be able to carry his momentum into conference play, as the Hokies won't truly be tested again until they travel to Virginia on Jan. 15. -- Schmitz





Eric Paschall | PF | Villanova

Down from No. 13 to No. 23

Villanova got off to a slow start, uncharacteristically losing two home games in the first 10 days of the season before rebounding this past weekend and winning the Advocare Invitational in Orlando, Florida. With Villanova losing four players off its national championship roster to the NBA, Paschall is clearly adjusting to a new role, going from being the fifth option in every lineup he played in last season to now ranking second on the team in usage. His efficiency has predictably taken a hit, and he's being asked to do things he has never done before -- something that might be good for his development but will certainly lead to many more ugly moments. NBA scouts have expressed some pessimism regarding how Paschall has looked, making it clear that he is likely more of a candidate for the later stages of the first round.


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With very little ballhandling or shot creation on the roster, Villanova is playing a very different style of basketball than what we saw in the past, operating at one of the slowest tempos in college basketball (ranked 328th), which would be the slowest in Jay Wright's tenure at Villanova dating back to 2001. While some of Paschall's best minutes last season came as a small-ball center, he's being asked to play huge minutes at small forward this season, in super-sized defensive lineups alongside two very limited big men in Saddiq Bey and Dhamir Cosby-Roundtree. Paschall brings the ball up frequently and operates quite a bit off the dribble, exposing his average feel for the game and propensity for getting by opponents using sheer power.

So where does that leave Paschall? That really depends on how effective he'll be shooting the ball for the rest of the season and which version of him NBA teams remember come June. When Paschall is stepping into 3-pointers in rhythm -- even from NBA range -- he's very effective, despite the unconventional shooting mechanics that cause him to release the ball while hovering high in the air. When he's not spotting up in perfect rhythm, he looks off balance and will often miss badly. The spacing that bigs like Paschall enjoy from beyond the NBA arc will likely help him in this regard, and not having to make as many decisions with the ball in his hands will also improve his efficiency. Paschall is most effective when going up against slower-footed big men, not the wings he has often faced this season. Thankfully for Paschall, NBA teams have seen him in much more flattering roles than the one they will experience this season, both last year and at the Nike Academy in August, where he was named camp MVP. He'll likely take some lumps this season and will have to use the pre-draft process wisely to remind teams of where and how he's most effective during workouts. -- Givony



Jaxson Hayes | C | Texas

Hayes' meteoric rise is one of the more noteworthy stories in college basketball. A late-blooming recruit, Hayes has helped Texas to a 5-1 record with wins over North Carolina and Arkansas while looking like an eventual lottery pick. At 7 feet, with a 7-foot-4 wingspan, outstanding agility, soft hands, sharp defensive instincts, a high motor and excellent touch from the free throw line, Hayes had the bevy of NBA scouts in Orleans Arena buzzing with his play against both UNC and Michigan State. In that two-game stretch, he scored 26 points on 9-of-11 shooting, snared 12 rebounds (six offensive), blocked six shots and collected three steals in 52 total minutes. He executed NBA-caliber plays few bigs in the country make. Through six games, Hayes is one of only two players in the country averaging at least four blocks and five offensive rebounds per 40 minutes.

Hayes stood 6-foot-1 to start high school in Cincinnati, barely seeing time on the freshman team. He sprouted closer to 6-foot-4 as a sophomore, yet spent his time as a physically immature junior varsity reserve. He eventually shot up to about 6-foot-8 by his junior season yet still played only about six minutes per game at the varsity level. At closer to 6-foot-11 heading into his senior season, Hayes started to turn potential into production, gaining more and more high-major buzz playing with Romeo Langford on the Adidas circuit. Kentucky came in with an offer, but Hayes chose the Longhorns, who were on him early in the process.

His father, Jonathan, spent 12 seasons in the NFL as a tight end, and he's now in his 16th season as the Cincinnati Bengals' tight ends coach. Jaxson Hayes was a standout football player himself prior to his growth spurt. The hoop genes come from his mother, Kristi, who was a five-sport athlete in high school before earning a basketball scholarship to Drake, where she won Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year as a senior and finished her career with more than 1,500 points.

Hayes is the exact type of high-intangible late-bloomer teams are looking for. He's certainly not short on improvement areas, though, as his lack of high-level experience shows up at times. His physicality and awareness on the defensive glass can improve. He's a bit foul-prone at this stage. He has yet to show much in terms of vision on the offensive end. While still a work in progress, Hayes has exceeded expectations, exciting NBA scouts in the process. The 2019 draft is short on useful bigs, and Hayes has all the makings of an eventual draft riser as he continues to evolve in Austin. -- Schmitz
 

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More scouting notes

• Vanderbilt guard Darius Garland will miss the rest of the season following a meniscus injury, the school announced Tuesday. Execs from NBA teams that ESPN consulted with say they typically don't get overly concerned with an injury of this nature, as many players suffer meniscus tears at some point during their careers and it's a fairly straight-forward injury to manage.

"As long as we can see him at full strength in workouts, and our doctors don't express concern with the long-term prognosis of his knee after evaluating him, I don't see this having much impact on his draft stock," an NBA general manager told ESPN.

Garland averaged 16.2 points, 3.8 rebounds and 2.6 assists in 28 minutes in five games at Vanderbilt, shooting 58 percent from 2-point range and 48 percent from 3. -- Givony

• Although he has been quite productive on a per-40-minute basis, Western Kentucky freshman center Charles Bassey had his struggles in front of NBA scouts at the Charleston Classic, and he's looking more like a second-round talent than a sure first-rounder. Bassey was sporting a bulky right knee brace in Charleston, which seemed to affect his mobility. He struggled sitting down on the perimeter to defend pick-and-rolls. While his strong frame, 7-foot-3 wingspan and potential as a rim-protector are intriguing, he remains extremely raw on the offensive end of the floor and hasn't proven quite dominant or modern enough defensively to warrant a first-round spot. -- Schmitz

Quentin Grimes' college career got off to an extremely impressive start, scoring 21 points with four assists in Kansas' victory over Michigan State at the Champions Classic on the opening night of the season. He has struggled badly since, scoring just 14 points on 3-of-14 shooting in his past three games, which included two high-profile matchups at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn as part of the NIT Season Tip-Off. Grimes is being asked to adjust to a very different role than the one NBA teams had seen him in up until this point in his career, as he's now mostly an off-ball wing who waits for secondary ball-handling opportunities. Kansas runs a significant amount of its offense through the highly experienced and productive big tandem of Dedric Lawson and Udoka Azubuike, with the majority of the playmaking responsibilities tasked to Lawson and starting point guard Devon Dotson. Senior shooting guard Lagerald Vick is an influential part of their offensive attack as well with his ability to space the floor.

Grimes has appeared tentative attacking ball screens, struggling to make shots off the dribble and looking limited with his ability to create high-percentage offense inside the arc. It's too early to draw too many long-term conclusions, as he isn't the first freshman to struggle under the highly demanding Bill Self, but scouts will want to see Grimes be a lot more productive once conference play rolls around to justify his lofty projection. -- Givony
 
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