Glad this crap has been settled and documented
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"The jackets are called colors. Em blazoned on the back with ominously colorful symbols of machismo, they parody the style of the archetypal out law gang, the Hell's Angels.
Savage Nomads, Black Spades, Sev age Skulls, Ghetto Brothers: the street gangs that died unmourned in the late 1950's are back with a vengeance and with a chilling expertise in professional killing.
Last week, two incidents in New York's South Bronx underscored that proficiency. In the first, four supposed gang members, armed with pistols and a rifle, stopped three youths, asked their identity and gang affiliation, and then lined them up against a tenement wall and opened fire. The next day, two gang members opened fire on three youths returning home from their jobs. The toll was one dead, three wounded.
Police officials, fearing incitement, have been reluctant to term the incidents gang‐related, but the street ver sion is that the shootings were part of a war between two of the largest gangs, the Bachelors and the Black Spades, stemming from a Bachelor hold‐up of a Spade‐protected drug pusher.
New York is not the only city that has seen a resurgence of gang activity. In Philadelphia, gang warfare has claimed 92 lives within the past three years; in Los Angeles, the death toll was 32 last year.
In New York, the spawning ground for gangs has been the South Bronx, where low‐income housing projects, like brick cliffs, hide the rotting tenements and storefronts of one of the nation's worst slums. Forty per cent of the neighborhood's residents are on welfare, 30 per cent are unemployed. Gang activity increased noticeably late in 1969, and by last summer had spread to virtually every neighborhood in the Bronx. By this spring, gang violence had spread to the other boroughs, but the Bronx remains the center. There were 34 gang homicides there last year and there have been 13 so far this year.
Police count 100 “fighting” gangs in the Bronx. Estimates of gang member ship (about 70 per cent Puerto Rican, the rest, mostly blacks) run as high as 11,000. The Bronx Youth Gang Police Task Force, little more than year old, has over 3,000 dossiers on gang members.
And gangs are no longer confined to one neighborhood turf. One gang, the Black Spades, has divisions (small gang groups) in practically every police precinct in the Bronx; another, the Savage Skulls, has divisions as far away as Jamaica, Queens.
“The thing feeds on itself,” says Deputy Insp. William Lakeland of the Bronx task force. “The more gangs there are, the more new ones form, in order to protect the kid who doesn't belong.”
Mirroring the nomadic ‘ existence that is a fact of ghetto life In the Bronx, many gang members are home less; most come from broken homes. The need to belong to something, to anything, is a strong motivation for joining. The gang offers family, shelter, protection.
The groups are usually dominated by four or five older members: the president, vice‐president, and war lord, and one or two other top brawlers. They are backed by a dozen or so hard‐core members, and several hangers‐on who sweep the floors and steal the wine and beer. The members range in age from 10 to 20, though there are some gangs with older members who devote their attention to crimes such as robbery.
Some gangs have initiation rites where the entire membership participates in beating the new member with chains and pipes. Joining is easy. But leaving is a different story. When one member announced he was quitting the Savage Skulls, he was found a few days later, shot to death outside the gang's clubhouse.
Living quarters are usually an apartment in a burned‐out tenement, or basement in a still‐occupied building. Gangs have been known to set fire to buildings to force out tenants. Others have extorted free rentals from landlords or superintendents.
The old‐fashioned rumble, where opposing gangs met in an open area to fight it out, is passd in the Bronx. Gang leaders now resort to quick “hits” in groups of two or three. And the zipgun, a hand‐made weapon that was as likely to maim the shooter as the intended victim, has been replaced by, handguns, rifles, and even homemade bazookas. Police searches in the first three months of this year turned up more than 400 weapons..
Fights are still touched off by the same, kinds of things as in the past: territory and women. In most gangs, the women are considered property. Some even wear jackets that carry the designation “Property of” followed by the gang name.
Drugs are a touchy subject among the gangs. Some claim’ that they have run pushers out of their neighborhoods, and that their members are forbidden to use hard drugs. Others form protection syndicates for local pushers in return for a piece of the action. Most gang members have at least a casual acquaintance with hard drugs; many, however, have switched from heroin to cocaine.
Why the resurgence in gang activity? Some sociologists believe that gang activity and drug addiction are the two major outlets for the frustrations of ghetto youths. When one out let is closed off by the larger society, as was gang activity in the late fifties, or loses its cachet as the leveling off of addict population seems to indicate for heroin addiction, then the remaining one becomes fashionable.
Others believe that neighborhoods such as the. South Bronx, where urban blight is perpetual, create such despair that gangs, seeking to protect their territory, are inevitable. Now, as in the past, efforts are being made to channel gang groups into recreational activities or community projects. But the social conditions in many Bronx neighborhoods remain so bleak that such efforts are at best a stopgap.
They have nowhere to go,” says Dr. Richard A. Cloward, professor of social work at Columbia University's School of Social Work, “and the fundamental problems remain.”
—GARY HOENIG
G Hoenig article on resurgence of street gangs in South Bronx recalls shootings of 6 youths during wk of June 10 in war between gangs; gang operations detailed; illus
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