I'm sure their was great pushback from their customersthat's not reality though. and some places that eliminated tipping (Joe's Crab Shack, for one) got pushback from customers and had to change back. Americans are accustomed to having people have to either grovel or work them over before getting paid, and envisioned worse service if there was simply an hourly pay
point is, the culture is what it is, and we all understand it. so either make your own food and serve it to yourself, or pay people for their services.
consider they benefit the most off of said pushback. Did they provide receipts or did they really receive complaints from customer that their employees were getting paid too much? Why couldn't they just tip anyway?