Look how far Cacs went to claim Kemet

[Bawon Samedi]

They found some bones in of a cave man in Spain. Given how close spain is to Africa

Quote from article

"Experts were astonished to find the ancient hunter-gatherer, given the name La Brana 1, had a combination of African and European genes.

Results from an analysis of DNA taken from a tooth show he had dark – possibly black – hair and skin with deep blue eyes, the online edition of the journal Nature reports.



Study leader Professor Carles Lalueza-Fox, of the Institute of Evolutionary Biology in Barcelona, said: ‘The biggest surprise was to discover that this individual possessed African versions in the genes that determine the light pigmentation of the current Europeans."

'Even more surprising was to find that he possessed the genetic variations that produce blue eyes.’

Hope you know that they're basically agreeing with me. Again a mutation happened.


Anyways heres the FULL article and the stuff you left out.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/europeans-had-dark-skin-blue-eyes-7-000-years-ago-1.2512465

A genetic analysis of an ancient European hunter-gatherer reveals that his face was a striking combination of dark skin and blue eyes.

Spanish researchers recovered DNA material from the 7,000-year-old skeletal remains of two specimens, nicknamed La Brana 1 and La Brana 2.

Lead researcher Carles Lalueza-Fox, with the Spanish National Research Council, said the genetic tests on a molar tooth belonging to one specimen, La Brana 1, indicate that scientists' assumptions about when Europeans developed light complexions were way off the mark.

"The biggest surprise was to discover that this individual possessed African versions in the genes that determine the light pigmentation of the current Europeans, which indicates that he had dark skin," Lalueza-Fox said.

Scientists had believed that Europeans with light complexions evolved early during the Upper Palaeolithic era (between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago), soon after Europeans left Africa and arrived in Europe. But the latest findings show that La Brana 1 still had dark skin and had been around the continent for 40,000 years, meaning fair skin probably evolved millennia later.

The findings are published in the journal Nature.

Modern relatives in Sweden, Finland
The early man was the first European hunter-gatherer to have his genome fully sequenced.

Lalueza-Fox said it's difficult to determine the exact shade of the man's complexion, but that he very likely had dark hair — either black or brown — as well as the gene mutation for blue eyes.

One theory of how light skin emerged is that changes in diet may have been a big contributing factor, as farming became more commonplace. La Brana 1 lived in a time that predates agriculture and his genome shows he was lactose-intolerant and unable to digest starch.

Dark skin absorbs less vitamin D during exposure to the sun. The rise of food production may have meant lower dietary intake of vitamin D, giving Europeans an evolutionary incentive to adopt lighter complexions, allowing them to absorb more vitamin D from the sun.

Lalueza-Fox's team traced the man's closest modern-day relatives to northern European countries like Sweden and Finland.

La Brana 1 and La Brana 2 were discovered by hikers in 2006 in a cave in La Braña-Arintero, in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain. The cool, dark conditions helped to preserve the remains.

La Brana 2's DNA was not analyzed in the same way, because it was more degraded due to contact with moisture.

Also agrees with @Poitier and @Kemet_Rocky that environment/food has an effect on phenotype.

Heres another article on the same topic:

http://www.livescience.com/42838-european-hunter-gatherer-genome-sequenced.html

The analysis of the man, who lived in modern-day Spain only about 7,000 years ago, shows light-skin genes in Europeans evolved much more recently than previously thought.

Another one:
http://www.livescience.com/41040-skin-color-genes-identified-india.html

Lighter skin has less melanin, a pigment that blocks the sun's UV rays; the body uses these rays to make vitamin D. The SLC24A5 gene is linked to less melanin production, so the gene may have become more common in Europe because it allowed people's skin to make more vitamin D in the continent's low-light conditions.

 

[Bawon Samedi]

what are you talking about? My argument is that the mutation came out of africa first and they migrated to Europe.

"Although these populations died out thousands of years ago, their genes have left clues to the way they looked and lived,” said Dr Sturm. “We found that the genes present in this Mesolithic man were likely to result in dark skin and dark hair, but blue eyes. “This gene combination is unique and no longer exists in contemporary Europeans, suggesting that the spread of genes associated with a light eye colour may have occurred before the spread of genes for light skin"

The point is their finding tons of skeletons and bones in Europe that have African lineage and their saying that they had blue eyes. If they don't exist what make you think the ones that came out of Africa do?

Your quote does not in anyway show/state that Africans always had that mutation. How does that quote help your argument when it says nothing that helps your case. All it really is just speculation. Show us a peer reviewed source specifically stating Africans always had the gene for pale skin, blonde hair and blue eyes if you can't then its just speculation on your part.

 

[KOohbt]

None of this matters. The Egyptians are black, there is scientific evidence, its in Africa, there are actual paintings and drawings of Egyptians that are black, the statues depict black people. All of this I can back up with links and references. Just because some white people went in and hit noses off of statues and there are fake drawings and paintings within mean nothing. The majority of evidence pin point that they were black no matter what propaganda is pulled out of thin air and broadcast across the globe its still a lie.

This is what I'm saying. All the proof we need is this

"The People Of Colchis Must Be Egyptians Because Like Them They Are Black-skinned And Wooly-haired." - Herodotus

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

what are talking about? My argument is that the mutation came out of africa first and they migrated to Europe.

what are you talking about? My argument is that the mutation came out of africa first and they migrated to Europe.

"Although these populations died out thousands of years ago, their genes have left clues to the way they looked and lived,” said Dr Sturm. “We found that the genes present in this Mesolithic man were likely to result in dark skin and dark hair, but blue eyes. “This gene combination is unique and no longer exists in contemporary Europeans, suggesting that the spread of genes associated with a light eye colour may have occurred before the spread of genes for light skin"

Hope you know that they're basically agreeing with me. Again a mutation happened.


Anyways heres the FULL article and the stuff you left out.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/europeans-had-dark-skin-blue-eyes-7-000-years-ago-1.2512465



Also agrees with @Poitier and @Kemet_Rocky that environment/food has an effect on phenotype.

Heres another article on the same topic:

http://www.livescience.com/42838-european-hunter-gatherer-genome-sequenced.html



Another one:
http://www.livescience.com/41040-skin-color-genes-identified-india.html

How is this addressing what I said earlier that the gene came from Africa?

Hope you know that they're basically agreeing with me. Again a mutation happened.


Anyways heres the FULL article and the stuff you left out.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/europeans-had-dark-skin-blue-eyes-7-000-years-ago-1.2512465



Also agrees with @Poitier and @Kemet_Rocky that environment/food has an effect on phenotype.

Heres another article on the same topic:

http://www.livescience.com/42838-european-hunter-gatherer-genome-sequenced.html



Another one:
http://www.livescience.com/41040-skin-color-genes-identified-india.html

I already posted where light skin came from....

ABSTRACT. The derived light skin color allele of the SLC24A5 gene, A111T, predominates in populations of Western Eurasian ancestry. To gain insight into when and where this mutation arose, we defined common haplotypes in the genomic region around SLC24A5 across diverse human populations and deduced phylogenetic relationships between them. Virtually all chromosomes carrying the A111T allele share a single 78-kb haplotype that we call C11, indicating that all instances of this mutation in human populations share a common origin.


As expected from the near fixation of A111T in Europe, the C11 clade predominates there, and all other haplotypes are rare. Of the remaining 10 common core haplotype groups, all ancestral at rs1426654, eight clearly have their origins in Africa[/B] [/b](Figure 3B, Figure 4, and Table S4). Three early diverging haplotypes, C1, C2, and C4, are rare outside of Africa and clearly originated there. In the lineage containing the majority of haplotypes, each of the three branches, containing C5, C6-C7, and C8-C11, give strong evidence of having originated in Africa. C5 reaches its greatest abundance in West Africa and is rare outside of Africa. Within the other two branches, C6 and C9, which are the most common haplotypes in Africa, are also common worldwide, whereas C7 is abundant in East Asia and much less common but widespread in Africa. Consideration of the relationships among haplotype variants (Figure 4) indicates that C6, C7, and C9 (but not C8) dispersed out of Africa and have diverse descendants present and originating in East Asia. Among these descendants is C10, which is abundant in East Asia (and the New World) but extremely rare in Africa (0.5% in LWK). Haplotype C3 represents the final early diverging lineage (Figure 4). Although the lineage containing this haplotype must have originated in Africa, C3 is rare in Africa (1.0% in MKK) but widely distributed in East Asia, the New World, and Oceania. The distributions of C3 and C10 are most consistent with origin outside of Africa and subsequent introduction into Africa by migrations such as those documented by uniparental markers (Richards et al. 2006).

^^ i don't agree with all of this.. C3 C10 are consistent with origin outside the Africa yet Africans still have this C3 just in very low numbers.

 

[KOohbt]

I'm curious to know why he said the colchis were black. That's interesting.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

They left and migrated out of Africa with the Genetic code already there with the ability to change.(possibly already having blue eyes.)

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

African DNA found in Yorkshireman

In 2007 the Daily Mail ran a report on John Revis, a Yorkshireman who was so blond and blue-eyed when he was younger that he thought he was directly descended from Viking or Anglo-Saxon stock. However, when his DNA was analysed as part of a wider study linking the male Y-chromosome to northern surnames, he was found to be haplogroup A1. ( the rare west african one one they were talking about in the other study)

Interesting connection.

Why are there so many blue-eyed people in the Scandinavia and Baltic areas?

The authors suggest that there is a positive selective force to select for blue eyes in this region. Theories include “selection for pigmentation traits which include UV expositor causing skin cancer, vitamin D deficiency, and also sexual selection.”

What I said earlier natural selection/selective mating.


Direct evidence for positive selection(natural selection) of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation in Europeans during the last 5,000 y.

Eye, hair, and skin pigmentation are highly variable in humans, particularly in western Eurasian populations. This diversity may be explained by population history, the relaxation of selection pressures, or positive selection. To investigate whether positive natural selection is responsible for depigmentation within Europe, we estimated the strength of selection acting on three genes known to have significant effects on human pigmentation. In a direct approach, these estimates were made using ancient DNA from prehistoric Europeans and computer simulations. This allowed us to determine selection coefficients for a precisely bounded period in the deep past. Our results indicate that strong selection has been operating on pigmentation-related genes within western Eurasia for the past 5,000 y.


We also genotyped the three pigmentation-associated SNPs in a sample of 60 modern Ukrainians (28) and observed an increase in frequency of all derived alleles between the ancient and modern samples from the same geographic region (Table 1 and Fig. S1). This implies that the pigmentation of the prehistoric population is likely to have differed from that of modern humans living in the same area. Modern frequencies of the derived alleles within all of Europe and outside of Europe are provided for comparison (Table 1).

Our analysis indicates that positive selection on pigmentation variants associated with depigmented hair, skin, and eyes was still ongoing after the time period represented by our archaeological population, 6,500–4,000 y ago. This finding suggests that either the selection pressures that initiated the selective sweep during the Late Pleistocene or early Holocene were still operative or that a new selective environment had arisen in which depigmentation was favored for a different reason.


Although ecological and environmental factors may be sufficient to explain the observed change in European skin pigmentation, these explanations are unlikely to hold for eye and hair color. The geographic distribution of iris and hair pigmentation variation does not conform as well to a latitudinal cline model, with much of the observed phenotypic variation restricted to Europe and closely related neighboring populations (51, 52). The blue iris phenotype characteristic of the HERC2 rs12913832 G allele, for example, is almost completely restricted to western Eurasia and some adjacent regions, its descendant populations, and populations containing European admixture (51, 52). It is possible that depigmented irises or the various human hair color morphs in Europeans are by-products of selection on skin pigmentation.


Given that intraspecific pigmentation variability in other taxa, particularly avians, has been attributed to signaling and other factors associated with mate choice (54) it is possible that depigmented irises and the various hair colors observed in Europeans arose through sexual selection (7). Frequency-dependent sexual selection in favor of rare variants has been observed in vertebrates (55, 56), and such selection favoring rare pigmentation morphs could have driven alleles associated with lighter hair and eye colors to higher frequency. Once lighter hair and eye pigmentation phenotypes reached appreciable frequencies in European populations, these novel traits may have continued to be preferred as indicators of group membership, facilitating assortative mating
.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

Your quote does not in anyway show/state that Africans always had that mutation. How does that quote help your argument when it says nothing that helps your case. All it really is just speculation. Show us a peer reviewed source specifically stating Africans always had the gene for pale skin, blonde hair and blue eyes if you can't then its just speculation on your part.

Because They first said blue eyes came from north of the Black Sea.
Now they are finding bones in Europe (Spain) with suppose blue eyes with African lineage.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

Our results indicate that Cape Verdean pigmentary variation is the result of variation in a different set of genes from those determining variation within Europe, suggest that long-range regulatory effects help to explain the relationship between skin and eye color, and highlight the potential and the pitfalls of using allele distribution patterns and signatures of selection as indicators of phenotypic differences..

The strong effect of genomic ancestry on skin color is also striking in the context of eye color; there is only a weak correlation between skin and eye color in Cape Verdeans (R‘2 =0.14), and African genomic ancestry is also weakly correlated (R‘2 = 0.08) with eye color (Figure 1c, 1d). Overall, these observations point to different genetic architectures for skin and eye color...

These results suggest that an APBA2 (OCA2) mutation conferring light skin arose BEFORE the spread of humans out of Africa

BTW no one is saying they were "not black"

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

• Migrations into India “did occur, but rarely from western Eurasian populations.” There are low frequencies of the western Eurasian mtDNA types in both southern and northern India. Thus, the ‘caucasoid’ features of south Asians may best be considered ‘pre-caucasoid’ — that is, part of a diverse north or north-east African gene pool that yielded separate origins for western Eurasian and southern Asian populations over 50,000 years ago.

- U.S. biological anthropologist Todd R. Disotell.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

I'm curious to know why he said the colchis were black. That's interesting.

because they were black.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

Hope you know that they're basically agreeing with me. Again a mutation happened.


Anyways heres the FULL article and the stuff you left out.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/europeans-had-dark-skin-blue-eyes-7-000-years-ago-1.2512465



Also agrees with @Poitier and @Kemet_Rocky that environment/food has an effect on phenotype.

Heres another article on the same topic:

http://www.livescience.com/42838-european-hunter-gatherer-genome-sequenced.html



Another one:
http://www.livescience.com/41040-skin-color-genes-identified-india.html

"the body uses these rays to make vitamin D. The SLC24A5 gene is linked to less melanin production, so the gene may have become more common in Europe because it allowed people's skin to make more vitamin D in the continent's low-light conditions"

This gene is found in Africans as well. Plus furthering and supporting my point that it begins within the genes. This statement just confirms that it was the environment that supported what was already within them and breeding out darker skin through natural selection. It does not talk about the origin.

illustrates high frequencies of the rs1426654-A allele (SLC24A5) in Europe, Middle East, Pakistan, moderate to high frequencies in Northwest and Central Asia, while being almost absent in East Asians and Africans with NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS in Bantu (Southwest), San, Mandeka, and Ethiopians

We conclude that all of the 73 phased chromosomes (from Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, South Asia, North and Central Asia) with the rs1426654-A allele form a monophyletic group because they share the same haplotype background regardless of their geographic origin. In other words,all carriers of the mutation in our global sample share it by descent.

 

[Oceanicpuppy]

.

 

[ChatGPT-5]

THOSE EAST AFRICANS YOU SPEAK OF ARE CURRENTLY ADMIXED WITH ARABIANS.
MY GIRL IS ERITREAN & SHE'LL TELL YOU THAT...
THEY DIDNT LOOK LIKE THAT IN BACK THOSE TIMES.

EXPLAIN ALL THE WIDE NOSE EGYPTIAN STATUES POSTED IN THIS THREAD...
1ST THING THOSE CACS DID WAS DEFACE THE NOSE & LIPS.


​

She's an idiot. Tell her to take a dna test. Are you an admixture of european and does that subtract from your blackness?

 

[Poitier]

CUshytIC PEOPLE DO NOT MAKE UP THE ONLY POPULATION THAT WAS ON THE ANCIENT NILE VALLEY !!!!!