The
Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and
safe houses used by 19th-century
blackslaves in the United States to escape to
free states and
Canada with the aid of
abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.
[2] The term is also applied to the abolitionists, both black and white, free and enslaved, who aided the fugitives.
[3] Various other routes led to
Mexico or overseas.
[4]While an "underground railroad" running south toward
Florida, then a
Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the
American Revolution,
[5] the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.
[6] One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad".[6]British North America (present-day Canada), where slavery was prohibited, was a popular destination, as its long border gave many points of access