I'll let the women tell me why this is a problem. But this doesn't sound a8ll that unreasonable. Though brain activity would have been a better deadline (no pun intended).
This is a problem because many of us don't even know we're pregnant that early.
This is how it works. Say a woman has sex when she ovulated and gets pregnant during that period. By the time she is supposed to get her period 2 weeks later (which she won't), she'll already be considered 4 weeks pregnant at that time because of how they count the weeks.
Typically, the heartbeat can be detected around week 5 or week 6. Now, that doesn't mean a woman has actually been pregnant for 6 weeks/42 days. It is just how doctors calculate the gestation period. This is why generally we say human women are pregnant for 9 months but a full-time pregnancy is actual 40 weeks vs 36 weeks. It is because they add 4 weeks on for the sake of calculating.
So, this means a woman could PHYSICALLY only be carrying a baby inside of her for about 2 weeks. By the time she even starts to notice her period is missing or her body is feeling different, that embryo's heart could have already start beating.
This bill is basically saying a woman has to figure out she is pregnant and decide she is keeping it within 30 days, damn near. If she is a woman who has irregular periods or reproductive problems, it would already be hard for her to determine her cycle anyway and be able to track this.
As an aside, a problem I personally have with this as a woman is every woman who gets pregnant and seeks an abortion is not seeking it because of some moral failing; many people seem to think a specific sort of woman is who seeks an abortion but, in reality, it's not that black and white.
There could be a married woman somewhere who is on birth control and gets pregnant by her husband. They could be in a position, too, where said baby could pose some sort of financial or emotional burden on this family they can't shoulder and, honestly, abortion would be a reprieve. While those in the mainstream would look at a single woman in this situation and call her a whore and say she should have kept her legs closed, no one is going to tell a married woman she should have kept her legs closed to her husband.
Yet, though married, she might need an abortion because the family just can't handle it and, because of this law, she wouldnt be able to get one. So now, they are forced to endure consequences of having sex within marriage, though they tried to be responsible and prevent unwanted pregnancies. If they already have kids, it will affect them as well.
It's just fukkery all around.