Black family in Georgia passed down a song through the centuries after slavery. Researchers linked song to Mende tribe in West Africa.

Nkrumah Was Right

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What u said here makes sense
Yoruba is a term used post slavery, I think 19th Century

The first people taken from that region to the Americas were identified as Lukumi by the Portuguese and Spanish
Then 'Nago' when taken to Brazil (Anago)
This was in the 15th Century

They are basically the foundation of people that institution of slavery was built upon which maybe be why a trace of them can be found in most black people in America and the Caribbean. The other regions of Africa started mixing in at a much later time during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The term Yoruba connects people all over because of the language however the actual people that share those genes are the Lukumi or Olukumi (Chalk Makers) and this is why we have to take these genealogy sites with a pinch of salt sometimes because they are speaking in English terms because the English were the last ones to the Tea Party. When in fact the Portuguese were the first slave captors followed by the Spanish and they had their own terms, then now the people that they stole from the land had their own terms before that.

Even the people that live there now don't really know what they were called because if they did they wouldn't refer to them selves as Yoruba


A Brazilian speaking Yoruba


Cubans singing in Yoruba


An Anago from Benin speaking Yoruba



A Nigerian speaking Yoruba


-sigh-

There’s so much historical disinformation in this thread. You are trying to help though!

First, Yoruba was a term meant to describe people who were subjects of the Oyo Empire. The term was extrapolated to describe all peoples in modern-day Western Nigeria/Benin who spoke this language and related dialects.

There are so many people in the Americas who claim Yoruba lineage because Yoruba people were the last big major demographic of Africans who were enslaved in the Americas - the first three waves were from Angola, Senegambia, and then the Bight of Biafra. All of these big waves coincided with imperial collapse: Kongo, Wolof Kingdoms, rise of Aro and decline of Nri.

The Oyo Empire collapsed into civil war and invasion by Dahomey, Nupe, and the Sokoto Caliphate which generated a lot of Yoruba slaves by the late 18th/early 19th centuries and the Yoruba Civil Wars didn’t end until the 1860s.
 

Dafunkdoc_Unlimited

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Is there a particular reason they stopped in South America before North America? The reason being it’s more black people there than North America
Sea currents......

skan291.jpg


slavetrade2.jpg
 

HarlemHottie

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What u said here makes sense
Yoruba is a term used post slavery, I think 19th Century

The first people taken from that region to the Americas were identified as Lukumi by the Portuguese and Spanish
Then 'Nago' when taken to Brazil (Anago)
This was in the 15th Century

They are basically the foundation of people that institution of slavery was built upon which maybe be why a trace of them can be found in most black people in America and the Caribbean. The other regions of Africa started mixing in at a much later time during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The term Yoruba connects people all over because of the language however the actual people that share those genes are the Lukumi or Olukumi (Chalk Makers) and this is why we have to take these genealogy sites with a pinch of salt sometimes because they are speaking in English terms because the English were the last ones to the Tea Party. When in fact the Portuguese were the first slave captors followed by the Spanish and they had their own terms, then now the people that they stole from the land had their own terms before that.

Even the people that live there now don't really know what they were called because if they did they wouldn't refer to them selves as Yoruba

Thank you for breaking that down. I mentioned earlier itt that I'm avidly awaiting a book by the current king of Niger- Congo language group scholarship.

This seems to be true for us ados/ fba, but I'm not really sure it is.

The most extensive examination of mtDNA haplotypes in Africans and African Americans [13] used mtDNA data from a large number of African ethnic groups spread around the continent. These authors observed large similarities in mtDNA profiles among ethnic groups from West, Central West, and South West Africa, with a continuous geographic gradient. As observed previously [26], these authors also found that many mtDNA haplotypes were widely distributed across Africa, making it impossible to trace African ancestry to a particular region or group, based on mtDNA data alone. These authors also estimated the proportionate ancestry within Africa based on African American mtDNA haplotypes as 60% from West Africa, 9% from Central West Africa, 30% from South West Africa, and minimal ancestry from North, East, Southeast, or South Africa.

These studies all suggest close genetic kinship among various West African, Central West African, and South West African ethnic groups.


I'm unclear, and here's why. For one, they can't even barely distinguish between the Mandenka, the Bantu, or the Yoruba genetically. Two, there is MUCH cultural evidence that the North American slave population skewed toward the Senegambian.

Of the approximately 388,000 Africans who landed in America, almost 92,000 (24 percent) were Senegambians. In the early decades of immigration to the Chesapeake region before 1700, there were more immigrants from Senegambia (almost 6,000) than from the Bight of Biafra (about 5,000), and they totaled about 31,000 by the end of the migration, representing almost a third of all arrivals from Senegambia. About 45,000 Senegambians were settled in the coastal Low Country of the Carolinas and Georgia, where they constituted 21 percent of African immigrants. Senegambians were also prominent among African immigrants in the northern colonies, accounting for about 28 percent of arrivals, or over 7,000 people. Almost 9,000 Senegambians — often identified as Bambara or Mandingo — went to the Gulf region, especially to Louisiana, where they constituted about 40 percent of the population arriving from Africa.

Hence, people from Senegambia were prominent everywhere in the United States, much more so than virtually anywhere else in the Western Hemisphere,
although there were also considerable numbers of Senegambians in the French Caribbean islands and in French Guiana. Senegambia was strongly influenced by Islam, more so than any other region of origin, which means that many enslaved Africans in the United States had been exposed to Islam, more so proportionately than in the rest of the Americas.

The things...People look passed the part that Africa is a large and diverse continent, but not only that slaves were taken all the way from Senegal all the way down to Angola. First off most the Africans that came to America came DIRECTLY from Africa, just like any other place in the diaspora, I think people sometimes confuse the slave trader stopping in an island such as Hispaniola as a resting point to refuel, before heading to North America, with them dropping off all of the African slaves in the Caribbean, and taking the Caribbean born slaves to America, and such was not the case for the most part. And people also tend to forget that there were plenty of America born slaves(essentially AAs) that ended up in the Caribbean in the 18th and 19th century, but that's another story.

More importantly the thing African-Americans culturally and musically apart from Afro-descendants from Latin-America and the Caribbean is that our music and culture is Sahelian/Sudanic cultural influence. Like I said most slaves in North America can directly from Africa, because certain slaves were needed for their specific skill(not no damn selective breeding, but that's another story). More slaves in North America compared to other parts of the diaspora(like Brazil, Jamaica, Haiti,etc) came from Upper West Africa Islamic influenced Sudanic/Sahelian region. Why? Because the cotton, rice, and cattle culture and the landscape of North America. Thus slaves from this specific region in Africa were said to be more fit for the type of labor to be done in North America.

Islam in the United States - Wikipedia

--Senegambia, the Gold Coast, and the Bight of Benin


http://mana-net.org/pages.php?ID=education&NUM=154

Famous white Natchez Mississippi planter/slaver, William Dunbar, express that Mississippi planters held a preference for Africans from the interior, stating "there are certain nations from the interior of Africa the individuals of which I have always found more civilized, at least better disposed than those from the coast, such as Bornon, Houssa, Zanfara, Zegzeg, Kapina, and Tombootoo regions". "The bornon" are those from the bornu empire, the "Houssa" are the Hausa, "Kapina" refers to those from the Katsina region of present day northern /Vigeria and Southern Niger. "Zanfara" refers to the Zamfara region, another region in present day Northern /Vigeria and southern Niger. Tombootoo refers to the Bambara of Mail. All of these regions had heavy islamic influenced populations.


Islam in the United States - Wikipedia

Genetics:

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029687


Genome-wide comparison of African-ancestry populations from CARe and other cohorts reveals signals of natural selection - PubMed



Now... Now... For those who may have the wrong idea. I am not saying that AA's are largely of Muslim ancestry. No! Nor am I saying that AA's are ancestry largely come from those areas, BUT that compared to others of the diasporas, more slaves from the Savannah/Sahel/Islamic areas were shipped to North America than Latin-America and the Caribbean and thus largely influenced our culture. And because of that our music is mostly derived from the solo, string and wind based from the Savannah/Sahel areas.

To Be Continued in Next Post:

Plantation owners in the US needed certain skillsets and the purposefully sorted for them. You see this in slave auction documents, where they were from was a selling point. They needed ppl who knew how to grow rice. My people are from SC, the North American rice capital.

I also suspect, and this has no academic underpinning, but I suspect that the Spanish and Portuguese were leery of African Muslims and preferred 'pagans,' while the English had no such qualms bc they didn't have a history of Moorish rulers. :sas2:
 

Kasgoinjail

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-sigh-

There’s so much historical disinformation in this thread. You are trying to help though!

First, Yoruba was a term meant to describe people who were subjects of the Oyo Empire. The term was extrapolated to describe all peoples in modern-day Western Nigeria/Benin who spoke this language and related dialects.

There are so many people in the Americas who claim Yoruba lineage because Yoruba people were the last big major demographic of Africans who were enslaved in the Americas - the first three waves were from Angola, Senegambia, and then the Bight of Biafra. All of these big waves coincided with imperial collapse: Kongo, Wolof Kingdoms, rise of Aro and decline of Nri.

The Oyo Empire collapsed into civil war and invasion by Dahomey, Nupe, and the Sokoto Caliphate which generated a lot of Yoruba slaves by the late 18th/early 19th centuries and the Yoruba Civil Wars didn’t end until the 1860s.

Although I do agree with you, The Portuguese started trading slaves in Nigeria from 1444, hence the name Lagos and the fact there is a Lagos in Portugal.

My point is that these people were not calling themselves Yoruba in the 15th Century rather that term came about much later. As @HarlemHottie and you both correctly stated that other coastal areas were taken en masse before hand, I'm pointing out that many people that are considered Yoruba today are actually a wider portion of those people from the coast, not just what we now know to be called Nigeria.

The fact that the British chopped a huge chunk out of Cameroon and merged it with modern day Nigeria shows just how much history can become distorted.
 

Ish Gibor

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Go back in history far enough and he can claim Chinese are Black because they have the same eye shape and coloration as the San people of South Africa.​
The biggest problem with some of these people, is. how they try to claim to be direct descendant of all these ancient populations with darker skin. And that is all of the ancient world up until recently classical history.

@JackRoss also tried this with the Uyghur.


Even though there are depictions of ancient Chinese with dark skin. They were probably from a different subgroup as most modern Chinese who make up the majority of Han. This doesn’t mean we can claim to be direct descendants. Modern Chinese most likely still genetically related closer to those people as a common ancestor. And that is what they believe.



Eight Men Ferrying a Statue of the Buddha (from Mogao Cave 323, Dunhuang, Gansu province) 7th century.

urn-3:HUAM:DDC105457_dynmc


412px-원효대사_영정.JPG



Man_wearing_a_Mongol_robe_with_underarm_openings2.JPG


Most people aren’t familiar with the ethnic groups that exist all throughout Asia. People with dark skin and these people are genetically close in proximity.

The Wa(佤族) people:

main-qimg-7ab942ec6739693fb360792f122031d5-lq


Southeast Asians from southern regions have dark skin, like Malays for example.

3391878066_037ca6bcda_b.jpg



2866636897_21fc23206c_b.jpg


Even people like Batak Malaysia are genetically close to other Asians:

132929453_932d4344fe_z.jpg



2500.jpg


2500.jpg



European "race drawning" of Asians:



 
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Ish Gibor

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Jackson is right. I was just on wiki earlier. On the 'Genetic History of the Diaspora' page, they literally write "x% African (eg Yoruba). Can every single group of black ppl in the Americas be "African (eg Yoruba)"? Logic tells me no.


(Not like wiki is an amazing source, obviously, but I often start there, at least.)
In addition. They have a database with only a few subsets of African samples they use in almost every study. So when it comes to “sub Sahara” Africans, they 9/10 use Yoruba. I have complained about this for many years (on EgyptSearch). It’s a clear bias. These samples usually come from the 1000 Genomes Project. I have no idea what the obsession is with the Yoruba?


IGSR: The International Genome Sample Resource Population: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The database has changed somewhat, with more samples from different regions, compared to when they started a few years ago. But still…


“We thank the many people who were generous with contributing their samples to the project: the African Caribbean in Barbados; Bengali in Bangladesh; British in England and Scotland; Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China; Colombians in Medellin, Colombia; Esan in Nigeria; Finnish in Finland; Gambian in Western Division – Mandinka; Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas, USA; Han Chinese in Beijing, China; Iberian populations in Spain; Indian Telugu in the UK; Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; Mende in Sierra Leone; people with African ancestry in the southwest USA; people with Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, California, USA; Peruvians in Lima, Peru; Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico; Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan; southern Han Chinese; Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK; Toscani in Italia; Utah residents (CEPH) with northern and western European ancestry; and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.

41586_2015_Article_BFnature15393_Fig1_HTML.jpg


 
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Ish Gibor

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So the European didn’t mix with the native women?
You are referring to the mestizo population. But there are unmixed (with European) populations as well. I have posted these studies.

The problem with the many claims is that they are unfound and just opinions and hypotheses.

I’m not saying all what is claimed is an absolute false claim, but what is lacking is critical analysis.

Meaning the people who claim these (we’ve always been here) things need to go into the fields of science and disprove the “establishment”. Do that by population genetics, physical anthropology, archaeology etc. As of now the ABOS is dismal, but in actuality are meaningless.

We know “lighter skin as in white skin” overall is a recent phenomenon in the homo Sapien Sapien. But we don’t know the light brown complexion. Or at least I’m not familiar with the dates.
 
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Ish Gibor

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Although I do agree with you, The Portuguese started trading slaves in Nigeria from 1444, hence the name Lagos and the fact there is a Lagos in Portugal.

My point is that these people were not calling themselves Yoruba in the 15th Century rather that term came about much later. As @HarlemHottie and you both correctly stated that other coastal areas were taken en masse before hand, I'm pointing out that many people that are considered Yoruba today are actually a wider portion of those people from the coast, not just what we now know to be called Nigeria.

The fact that the British chopped a huge chunk out of Cameroon and merged it with modern day Nigeria shows just how much history can become distorted.
That’s interesting. I never looked at it like that. So, is there a database with the original tribal, ethnic and locations names, pre-colonial times?

That will be very useful.
 
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