Black family in Georgia passed down a song through the centuries after slavery. Researchers linked song to Mende tribe in West Africa.

[Ish Gibor]

I been to the Casino in Cherokee NC called Harrahs. I’ve seen some Native Americans up there but again they seem lighter than how they’re depicted in photos. I enjoyed myself up nice hotels and what not.

Why? That’s understandably it's because of this. And yes, I agree with the Amerindian admixture in Black Americans.

"The Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes was appointed by President Grover Cleveland in 1893 to negotiate land with the Cherokee".

“Will Rogers and his wife, 1935.
Will's application to the Dawes Commission in 1900 was accepted, and he was enrolled as a member of the Cherokee Nation.”

Dawes Rolls

[table striped="true" responsive="true"] What's Online in this Section: What's Not Here: Lists of people accepted between 1898 and 1914 by the Dawes Commission as members of these five Indian tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole Steps on how to search for someone in the...

www.archives.gov

This of course is ridiculous… and deeply insulting after what these people have done to Amerindians for hundreds of years.

Larry Wright Jr.

Larry Wright Jr.

journalstar.com

Navajo Radmilla Cody,

Cody is a traditional Navajo recording artist, Indie Award winner, Native American Award nominee, Miss Navajo Nation (1997)

Navajo Radmilla Cody,

Cody is a traditional Navajo recording artist, Indie Award winner, Native American Award nominee, Miss Navajo Nation (1997)

Navajo recording artist to speak, perform at RIT | College of Liberal Arts | RIT


Arwin D. Smallwood, Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the Department of History and Political Science at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, will discuss the history of the Native peoples of northeastern North Carolina.

He will examine the impact of wars, Whites, Africans, and neighboring Native Americans on the Native communities and families. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the intermixing with Whites, African, and other Native Americans, and their forced migration to western North Carolina and beyond.





The image used at 07:46

Death in the Devil’s Paradise - Survival International

The Amazon rubber boom

www.survivalinternational.org

Allie and especially Jordan have typical Amerindian facial traits, as you will find in South-America and Meso-America (Amazon region), as you can see in the image above, used at 07:46. As do the women in the video at the Breakfast Club.







The Problem with DNA Testing for Native American Heritage w/Shannon O'Loughlin | Joe Rogan LOL SMH

This is a Polish woman complaining she has no genetic match to Amerindian populations (tribes).




Rare and old footage of Native American drumming from 1894 in a tribute to our Native American brothers and sisters.



Title: Allegory of the Planets and Continents

Artist: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, Venice 1696–1770 Madrid)

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo | Allegory of the Planets and Continents | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

 

[Ish Gibor]

I am not African. I am Black American (ADOS). My ancestors left Africa a few hundred years ago.

Of course all of us from the middle passage diaspora aren’t Africans in that sense. But we are in all our other senses, like biology, physiology.

Anyway, the argument by some here has been that they aren’t from the continent at all, but always have been in the Americas. Or others who who claimed they have been in the Americas for thousands of years. Both deny the history of the middle passages. Some even argue it happened in reverse.

Frontiers | Extensive set of African ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) to study ancestry and population health

Introduction: Human populations are often highly structured due to differences in genetic ancestry among groups, posing difficulties in associating genes wit...

www.frontiersin.org

Race, Genomics and Chronic Disease: What Patients with African Ancestry Have to Say - PMC

Variants of the APOL1 gene increase risk for kidney failure 10- fold, and are nearly exclusively found in people with African ancestry. To translate genomic discoveries into practice, we gathered information about effects and challenges ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Scientists find genetic Alzheimer’s risk factor tied to African ancestry

A genetic risk factor found virtually exclusively among people of at least partial African ancestry substantially boosts the risk of incurring Alzheimer’s disease — but only sometimes.

med.stanford.edu

Gene expression and disease susceptibility in African Americans

Gene expression in the liver holds a clue to disease susceptibility in African Americans.

www.nimhd.nih.gov

Q&A: Health Challenges Facing Aging Black Americans

Karen D. Lincoln, PhD, a professor who has studied aging Black Americans, discusses the needs of this population as it faces chronic conditions, loneliness, a lack of access to services, and other physical and mental health concerns.

www.webmd.com

Ancestry of African Americans with sickle cell disease - PubMed

The inheritance of genetic disease depends on ancestry that must be considered when interpreting genetic association studies and can provide insights when comparing traits in a population. We compared the genetic profiles of African Americans with sickle cell disease to those of Black Africans...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[Yagirlcheatinonus]

Why? That’s understandably it's because of this. And yes, I agree with the Amerindian admixture in Black Americans.

"The Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes was appointed by President Grover Cleveland in 1893 to negotiate land with the Cherokee".

“Will Rogers and his wife, 1935.
Will's application to the Dawes Commission in 1900 was accepted, and he was enrolled as a member of the Cherokee Nation.”

Dawes Rolls

[table striped="true" responsive="true"] What's Online in this Section: What's Not Here: Lists of people accepted between 1898 and 1914 by the Dawes Commission as members of these five Indian tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole Steps on how to search for someone in the...

www.archives.gov

This of course is ridiculous… and deeply insulting after what these people have done to Amerindians for hundreds of years.

Larry Wright Jr.

Larry Wright Jr.

journalstar.com

Navajo Radmilla Cody,

Cody is a traditional Navajo recording artist, Indie Award winner, Native American Award nominee, Miss Navajo Nation (1997)

Navajo Radmilla Cody,

Cody is a traditional Navajo recording artist, Indie Award winner, Native American Award nominee, Miss Navajo Nation (1997)

Navajo recording artist to speak, perform at RIT | College of Liberal Arts | RIT


Arwin D. Smallwood, Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the Department of History and Political Science at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, will discuss the history of the Native peoples of northeastern North Carolina.

He will examine the impact of wars, Whites, Africans, and neighboring Native Americans on the Native communities and families. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the intermixing with Whites, African, and other Native Americans, and their forced migration to western North Carolina and beyond.





The image used at 07:46

Death in the Devil’s Paradise - Survival International

The Amazon rubber boom

www.survivalinternational.org

Allie and especially Jordan have typical Amerindian facial traits, as you will find in South-America and Meso-America (Amazon region), as you can see in the image above, used at 07:46. As do the women in the video at the Breakfast Club.







The Problem with DNA Testing for Native American Heritage w/Shannon O'Loughlin | Joe Rogan LOL SMH




Rare and old footage of Native American drumming from 1894 in a tribute to our Native American brothers and sisters.



Title: Allegory of the Planets and Continents

Artist: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, Venice 1696–1770 Madrid)

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo | Allegory of the Planets and Continents | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Respect that older lady in that photo look just like my grandmother same moles on her face and all. NC is a special state in regards to native history and “black history. There’s no telling what’s in most of our dna.

 

[Ish Gibor]

Respect that older lady in that photo look just like my grandmother same moles on her face and all. NC is a special state in regards to native history and “black history.

That’s interesting

There’s no telling what’s in most of our dna.

That incorrect. It’s all written in the blood.

My ancestral DNA sequence did show a small amount of Amerindian DNA, from the Western part of the Amazon.

The reason why these modern Americans (5 dollar pretendian) tribes are against DNA testing. Is because it will refute their blood quantum claims, that they are related to those ancient people.



“Having Native American ancestors or Indigenous American DNA does not make someone a Native American tribal citizen”

AncestrySupport

support.ancestry.com

“Paying to Play Indian: The Dawes Rolls and the Legacy of $5 Indians

Paying a commissioner $5 could get an opportunistic white person on the Dawes Rolls 125 years ago, which still causes problems for tribes today.

It may be fashionable to play Indian now, but it was also trendy 125 years ago when people paid $5 apiece for falsified documents declaring them Native on the Dawes Rolls.

These so-called five-dollar Indians paid government agents under the table in order to reap the benefits that came with having Indian blood. Mainly white men with an appetite for land, five-dollar Indians paid to register on the Dawes Rolls, earning fraudulent enrollment in tribes along with benefits inherited by generations to come.

“These were opportunistic white men who wanted access to land or food rations,” said Gregory Smithers, associate professor of history at Virginia Commonwealth University. “These were people who were more than happy to exploit the Dawes Commission—and government agents, for $5, were willing to turn a blind eye to the graft and corruption.”

The Dawes Commission, established in 1893 to enforce the General Allotment Act of 1887 (or the Dawes Act), was charged with convincing tribes to cede their land to the United States and divide remaining land into individual allotments. The commission also required Indians to claim membership in only one tribe and register on the Dawes Rolls, what the government meant to be a definitive record of individuals with Indian blood.

The Curtis Act, passed in 1898, targeted the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole), forcing them to accept allotments and register on the Dawes Rolls. The two acts—which came during a “period of murky social context” after the Civil War when white and black men were intermarrying with Native American women, aimed to help the government keep track of “real” Indians while accelerating efforts to assimilate Indian people into white culture, Smithers said.

“By 1865, African Americans and white Americans were moving into the Midwest, into the Indian and Oklahoma territories, all vying for some patch of land they could call their own and live out their Jeffersonian view of independence,” he said. “The federal government poured a lot of effort and energy into the Dawes Commission, but at the same time it was very hard for both Native and American governments to keep track of who was who.”

The Dawes Commission set up tents in Indian Territory, said Bill Welge, director emeritus of the Oklahoma Historical Society’s Office of American Indian Culture and Preservation. There, field clerks scoured written records, took oral testimony and generated enrollment cards for individuals determined to have Indian blood.

That included authentic Indians, Welge said. But it also included lots of people with questionable heritage.

“Commissioners took advantage of their positions and enrolled people who had very minimal or questionable connections to the tribes,” he said. “They were not adverse to taking money under the table.”

The Dawes Commission, established in 1893 to enforce the General Allotment Act of 1887 (or the Dawes Act), was charged with convincing tribes to cede their land to the United States and divide remaining land into individual allotments. The commission also required Indians to claim membership in only one tribe and register on the Dawes Rolls.

The implications of such shady practices are enormous now, Smithers said. Five-dollar Indians passed their unearned benefits to heirs who still lay claim to tribal citizenship and associated privileges.

“Now we have people who are white but who can trace their names back to the rolls used by tribal nations to ascertain who has rights as citizens,” he said. “That means we have white people who have the ability to vote at large; it means political rights; it means the potential to influence tribal policy on a whole range of issues; it means people have access to health care, education and employment. The implications are quite profound for people who got away with fraud.”

On the flip side, while non-Natives paid to play Indian, many authentic Indians who didn’t trust the government chose not to register with the Dawes Rolls at all, said Gene Norris, a genealogist at the Cherokee National Historical Society. That means people with legitimate claims to tribal enrollment and the benefits are now excluded.

“Native Americans are the only racial group defined by blood,” Norris said. “Even that was arbitrary. In the 1890s, siblings who talked to different commissioners emerged with different blood quantum. Because they didn’t apply together, some of them have different blood degrees.”

In short, the Dawes Rolls forever changed the way the federal government defined Indians—and, in many cases, the way Indians still define themselves.

In 1900, one woman registered on the rolls with 1/256 Cherokee blood, Norris said. Now, some enrolled members of the Cherokee Nation have as little as 1/8,196 Indian blood.

The Dawes Rolls—even now—are a murky and “very inaccurate” gauge of Indian citizenship, he said. In the 2000 Census, the number of people claiming Cherokee ancestry was three times that of official tribal enrollment.

“That’s what happens when the federal government established the rules, not the Natives,” he said.

Smithers has no estimate of the number of people who fraudulently registered on the Dawes Rolls—or who lay false claim to Indian citizenship now. But five-dollar Indians did not represent an isolated case of appropriation.

“What we had was simply white people claiming to be Indian,” he said. “They were early wannabes, just like we have today. Five-dollar Indian is just another term for that.”

https://ictnews.org/archive/paying-play-indian-dawes-rolls-legacy-5-indians

“Here is another representative:“

NCAI President Fawn Sharp, March 20, 2022. Sharp is also the Vice President of the Quinault Indian Nation. (Photo by Dalton Walker, Indian Country Today)

Make it make sense?

DNA tests stand on shaky ground to define Native American identity

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) question advertisements by direct-to-consumer genetic ancestry kits that claim to know what it really means to be American Indian.

www.genome.gov

 

[Dafunkdoc_Unlimited]

I been to the Casino in Cherokee NC called Harrahs. I’ve seen some Native Americans up there but again they seem lighter than how they’re depicted in photos. I enjoyed myself up nice hotels and what not.

When they were depicted in photos, they spent most of their time outdoors. What happens to pale(r) skin exposed to direct sunlight for several hours/day?​

 

[Ish Gibor]

When they were depicted in photos, they spent most of their time outdoors. What happens to pale(r) skin exposed to direct sunlight for several hours/day?​

That argument is only partially true. I happen to have been in the Amazon and see Amerindians for myself. I know what these unmixed communities look like. And they can be similar to what is depicted in those old pictures.

Of course it’s difficult to know what was meant by “lighter”, when Yagirlcheatinonus used that definition. Because that’s “relative”. However, the picture with Radmilla Cody’s grandmother is accurate.

By your logic Black Americans also would have been depicted darker in old pictures, because of outdoor indoor activities. This argument makes me wonder…, are you a Black person?

Anyway, this is a picture of employees from that Casino. And they have a magazine called One Feather, where they depict people. Noway are these people the same as when Europeans first encountered indigenous American Indians.

2023 One Feathers - The Cherokee One Feather

January 2023 Jan. 11, 2023 Jan. 18, 2023 Jan. 25, 2023 February 2023 Feb. 1, 2023 Feb. 8, 2023 Feb. 15, 2023 Feb. 23, 2023 March 2023 March 1, 2023 March 8, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 22, 2023 March 29, 2023 April 2023 April 5, 2023 April 12, 2023 April 19, 2023 April 26, […]

theonefeather.com

Harrah’s Cherokee announces CDP promotions - The Cherokee One Feather

Harrah's Cherokee Casino Resort (HCCR) and Harrah's Cherokee Valley River Casino & Hotel (HCVR) announced the following Cherokee Development Program (CDP) associates' promotions into permanent positions on Friday, July 24

theonefeather.com

 

[Geordi]

That argument is only partially true. I happen to have been in the Amazon and see Amerindians for myself. I know what these unmixed communities look like. And they can be similar to what is depicted in those old pictures.

Of course it’s difficult to know what was meant by “lighter”, when Yagirlcheatinonus used that definition. Because that’s “relative”. However, the picture with Radmilla Cody’s grandmother is accurate.

By your logic Black Americans also would have been depicted darker in old pictures, because of outdoor indoor activities. This argument makes me wonder…, are you a Black person?

Anyway, this is a picture of employees from that Casino. And they have a magazine called One Feather, where they depict people. Noway are these people the same as when Europeans first encountered indigenous American Indians.

2023 One Feathers - The Cherokee One Feather

January 2023 Jan. 11, 2023 Jan. 18, 2023 Jan. 25, 2023 February 2023 Feb. 1, 2023 Feb. 8, 2023 Feb. 15, 2023 Feb. 23, 2023 March 2023 March 1, 2023 March 8, 2023 March 15, 2023 March 22, 2023 March 29, 2023 April 2023 April 5, 2023 April 12, 2023 April 19, 2023 April 26, […]

theonefeather.com

Harrah’s Cherokee announces CDP promotions - The Cherokee One Feather

Harrah's Cherokee Casino Resort (HCCR) and Harrah's Cherokee Valley River Casino & Hotel (HCVR) announced the following Cherokee Development Program (CDP) associates' promotions into permanent positions on Friday, July 24

theonefeather.com

These current Amerindians have generations of mixing with white people and work indoors in offices all day.

This girl on quora says she's 60% native american but tans well when out in the sun

Rachel Day

Wrote 1 answer.

www.quora.com

 

[Ish Gibor]

These current Amerindians have generations of mixing with white people and work indoors in offices all day.

This girl on quora says she's 60% native american but tans well when out in the sun

Rachel Day

Wrote 1 answer.

www.quora.com

That could be true, but has she done a genetic test to confirm this “60%” claim? Oddly “she” only has one post on there, so it’s hard to understand her mindset. From where did this “60%” claim come, what is this claim based on?

“All Native American mtDNA can be traced back to five Haplogroups called A, B, C, D, and X. More specifically, Native American mtDNA belongs to sub-haplogroups that are unique to the Americas and not found in Asia or Europe: A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a (with minor groups C4c, D2, D3, and D4h3)”

The Six Founding Native American Mothers - The Genetic Genealogist

If you’re interested in DNA, Native American History, or genetic genealogy, then you’re undoubtedly heard of a new paper from PLoS ONE called “The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American mtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies.” The authors, from… Continue reading →

thegeneticgenealogist.com

(Roberta Estes, DNA Explained, November 2016)


“Q-M3 and Q-Z780 are the two main Y-chromosome founding lineages of Native Americans.”

Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas - BMC Biology

Background Recent genome studies of modern and ancient samples have proposed that Native Americans derive from a subset of the Eurasian gene pool carried to America by an ancestral Beringian population, from which two well-differentiated components originated and subsequently mixed in different...

bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com

 

[Ish Gibor]

He's confusing when you say native americans with meaning black people.

Jabari Osaze has put out a wonderful analysis of Bethy Smith Guiles (self proclaimed chief Thunder morning). He exposes and dismantles the “ABOS self proclaimed Indian” crap out of her.

State Employee Eyes Governor’s Office | CT News Junkie

Betheona ‘Bethy’ Guiles-Smith (Contributed photo) HARTFORD, CT — While most of the candidates eyeing a run for governor in 2018 are only exploring the

ctnewsjunkie.com

- YouTube

Enjoy the videos and music that you love, upload original content and share it all with friends, family and the world on YouTube.

www.youtube.com

Some guy named Chief Biko who called in claims whites (Europeans) aren’t the actual Confederates or part of the Confederacy.

Biko also is “self proclaimed ABOS Amerindian” and now also confederate. These people make no sense, nor understand science or jurisdiction.

 

[Yagirlcheatinonus]

“I got Indian in my family”. I heard black people say that my whole life well the truth is

 

[Ish Gibor]

“I got Indian in my family”. I heard black people say that my whole life well the truth is

Everything is possible in the multiverse. Anyway, shave they done a DNA test? If so, what was the outcome?

 

[Yagirlcheatinonus]

Everything is possible in the multiverse. Anyway, shave they done a DNA test? If so, what was the outcome?

Who own the dna company

 

[Ish Gibor]

Who own the dna company

You yourself could own the DNA company and do sample size sequences.

But to answer your question. There are several DNA companies, owned by different companies.

African Ancestry is a company that helps expand the way Black people view themselves and the way they view Africa!​

Founded in 2003 by Dr. Rick Kittles and Gina Paige, African Ancestry is the world leader in tracing maternal and paternal lineages of African descent having helped more than 1,000,000 people re-connect with the roots of their family tree.

DR. GINA PAIGE​

CO-FOUNDER & PRESIDENT, AFRICAN ANCESTRY, INC. INDUSTRY PIONEER, SPEAKER, ENTREPRENEUR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: NIGERIA TRIBES: HAUSA AND FULANI​

PIONEER: In 2003, Dr. Gina Paige co-founded African Ancestry, Inc. (AfricanAncestry.com) and in doing so, pioneered a new way of tracing African lineages using genetics, and a new marketplace for people of African descent looking to more accurately and reliably trace their roots. Paige travels the world helping people demystify their roots and inform on identities so that they may better understand who they are by knowing where they’re from.

Our Story

africanancestry.com

African Ancestry – Trace Your DNA. Find Your Roots. Today.

African Ancestry helps people of African descent trace their ancestral roots back to a specific present-day African country and tribe/ethnic group.

africanancestry.com

A marker is made up out of alleles, so it doesn’t matter who does the sequence.

The nice thing about science is, that in a lab samples can be studied and verified on its authenticity. Taking yourself out of the field of science is only harmful.

 

[Ish Gibor]

@HarlemHottie, @RehReh, @Nkrumah Was Right,

Considering this is also about the Mende, this paper is interesting.

Genetic Landscape of Gullah African Americans

Objectives Gullah African Americans are descendants of formerly enslaved Africans living in the Sea Islands along the coast of the southeastern U.S., from North Carolina to Florida. Their relatively high numbers and geographic isolation were conducive to the development and preservation of a...

www.biorxiv.org

“History. The Mende people are descendants of the thirteenth-century Mali eipre that migrated from the Sudan (Mali empire) to settle in Sierra Leone. The oral traditions of the Mende tell of a peaceful migration into the area that may have spanned the period from 200 to 1500 AD”

AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Mende people

Gullah Geechee descendant ancestry DNA results. (ZekeTV). In his sequence 1% Native American showed up. No, he doesn’t claim ABOS. lol

 

[Ish Gibor]

“I got Indian in my family”. I heard black people say that my whole life well the truth is

This women did a DNA ancestry test. And speaks of her heritage and lineage. I start with the last post by her, with happens to explain the other videos. Where a professor explained how her DNA signatures need to be interpreted. She addresses her African-American grandmother who racially bypassed into white society…











(It’s an interesting channel).