There are many oral tradition centers in Yorubaland that highlight they came from the “East,” often equating it with the Sudan. Cheikh Anta Diop has noted some family names between peoples living in Sudan and those of West Africa. The language is often a major clue to detect migrations and/or interactions with other language communities. In this brief post, I would like to highlight a phenomenon among the Yoruba called an oríkì (r-k), which is defined as a “praise name” (compare with Yoruba orúko “name”; PB *-dUk- “name”). In reality, oríkì is a form of “praise poetry,” which is often crystallized into a personal name. An oríkì is a way to honor an ancestor, lineage or the living person.
This is not simply a Yoruba phenomenon, as many African cultures have an equivalent ritual. However, the Dinka (Nilo-Saharan) speakers of Sudan have, essentially, the same word for this process. The word rok (r-k) in Dinka is also used to mean “to honour.” It means “to propitiate, expiate (God, soul of a deceased).” The rok are songs and hymns used to honor the powers (jaak; singular, jok), God (Nhialic), or as noted, the soul of a deceased. The words oríkì and rok are related to PB *-dɔng- “speak, teach”; Sumerian dug “speak, talk, say.” Fundamentally it has to deal with a praising utterance, a magical invoking through speech.