Saudi Arabia’s Deputy Crown Prince, Mohammad bin Salman, has reportedly embraced a report from the management-consulting firm of McKinsey and Company, entitled Vision 2030, as his blueprint for weaning the Saudi economy from oil and laying the foundations for a thriving private sector. In conjunction with this much-publicized initiative, he has also decided to sell a 5-10 percent stake in the country’s national oil company, its crown jewel—Aramco—through an initial public offering (IPO). A number of international investment banks will reportedly manage the IPO and Aramco’s market capitalization is expected to be in the vicinity of two trillion dollars, a newly listed company with the largest market capitalization on the planet.
The pricing of shares in IPOs is determined by financial and industry experts on the basis of the company’s economic and financial data and prevailing market conditions. In the case of a ‘normal’ oil company, this would be based on extensive geological findings of recoverable reserves, average and marginal production cost of a barrel of oil from these reserves, current and projected price of oil and ultimately on discounted annual earnings of the company after all applicable taxes. Would these requirements and projections be followed in the same format for an Aramco IPO? We believe not because the calculations would require extensive intrusion into what have been guarded secrets in Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabia’s acceptance of a number of highly sensitive covenants.