Over the last few years, hemp-seed oil and hemp-seed products have come to the forefront of defense issues in marijuana cases. Hemp seeds and hemp-seed oil are products that have been legal, that are being ingested by individuals for health reasons (hemp-seed oil is known to contain high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids), and that were thought, until recently, to contain no THC. The fact that these products do contain THC presents a challenge in prosecuting positive marijuana-use cases. The seriousness of the issue was demonstrated by studies in which an individual or a few individuals ingested a hemp-seed product (hemp-seed oil or hemp-seed-oil capsules), and the THC metabolite was measured in their urine (8)(9)(10)(11). Hemp-seed oil is presumed to be prepared from the fiber-type cannabis, which contains very low concentrations of THC. If, however, the oil is prepared from drug-type seeds with a high THC content, the oil will contain higher concentrations of THC. Moreover, the presence of THC in the cannabis seeds is attributable to adherence of the resin to the outside of the seeds as a result of physical contact with the plant material during processing. As the oil is pressed out of the seeds, it extracts THC from the exterior seed coat. Plant particles present with the seeds will also be extracted by the oil, increasing the THC content of the oil (12). Therefore, the THC content of the oil is a function of the type of seeds (fiber- or drug-type) and the presence of leaf debris. Analysis of a wide variety of hemp-seed products and hemp-seed oil has revealed a broad range of THC content (anywhere from a few mg/L to >200 mg/L). This variation in the THC content coupled with variations in the use patterns of these products among individuals (from the equivalent of 1 mL of oil in the form of soft gelatin capsules to ≥1 tablespoons of oil) make it difficult to offer generalized statements about whether the use of hemp-seed products could produce a positive urine drug test.