European vs North American description of the Moors

2Quik4UHoes

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The bolded explains literally everything. While I respect Diop a lot and he was pretty advanced for his time, he fell into the Eurocentric trap of view the Berbers as non-African. He even said the Berber language was not African but of European.:snoop:

Dude the Berbers are African their Y-DNA says it alone.

lol, why the fukk do you keep bring up genetics and DNA n shyt? That has absolutely nothing to do with the point I'm trying to make and literally gets us nowhere. I'm talkin about how Arabs during the time of the Moors viewed Black Africans and Berbers, I'm also explaining how Berbers were involved in the enslavement of Black Africans in all it's processes. I don't give a fukk about them being Black or not, this is about Moorish Spain not being the shyt yall hype it up to be.

In fact, I can't seriously discuss shyt with someone that dismisses Diop like that. Go listen to Umar Johnson or some shyt I'm done. :russ:
 

Bawon Samedi

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Lets see if we can try this again...

What you're not understanding is that world economics as a whole was under the influence of Islamic World.
And?
African Empires converted to Islam in order to have better dealings with the greater market which included India and China whom were also under Muslim influence. The Zanj rebellion absolutely turned off slave owners to East Africans and this stimulated the slave trade through the Sahara.
Do you have a source that correlates with this? You keep telling me to read that book you linked(and I will) but is that the only source you have? You can easily find something that backs up your claim around the net somewhere. Where is proof that the Zank rebellion was the reason for slave traders going to the Sahara. Instead we have this.


"Deprived of most of their sources of white slaves, the Ottomans turned more and more to Africa, which in the course of the nineteenth century came to provide the overwhelming majority of slaves used in Muslim countries from Morocco to Asia(Lewis, 1990, Race and Slavery in the Middle East, p. 12)

Like I said a million times already the Middle Ages was clearly the age of the most common slaves of the previous Greco-Roman ecumenon, from central and eastern Europe, from where we get the term slave. It wasn't because they were of the Zanj revolt that they turned toward the Sahara, it was because they no longer had access to their white slaves. Which again repeat again backs my point with European slaves being the predominate slaves during that period!

And speaking of the Zanj rebellion:
"All the talk about slaves rising against the wretched conditions of work in the salt marshes of Basra is a figment of the imagination and has no support in the sources. [...] The vast majority of the rebels were Arabs of the Persian Gulf supported by free East Africans who had made their homes in the region [...] If more proof is needed that it was not a slave revolt, it is to be found in the fact that it had a highly organized army and navy which vigorously resisted the whole weight of the central government for almost fifteen years." (M. A. Shaban, 'Regional Economic Conflicts': 101)

There are some doubts that it even was a slave rebellion.

The issue with linking maps or shyt like that is there's absolutely no context behind it, the East African slave trade was one arm of the greater slave market in the Muslim world. When I say that West Africans participated or were victims of this trade this doesn't disregard the greatness of those West African empires. But the Sahel is a vast place, and there were vulnerable communities that Tuaregs, Bedouins, Arabs, and yes Berbers, were involved in slave raiding even against their own fellow Muslims.
It isn't a about protecting their greatness but showing reality. You keep saying Muslim slave market which is too big and general. Again the Arab slave trade is linked to the Indian ocean trade. Let me show you again:

"Except for the Zandj (black slaves) from lower Iraq, no large body of blacks historically linked to the trans-Saharan slave trade existed anywhere in the Arab world ... The high costs of slaves, because of the risks inherent in the desert crossing, which would have not permitted such a massive exodus ... In this connection, it is significant that in the Arabic iconography of the period, the slave merchant was often depicted as a man with a hole in his purse. Until the Crusades the Muslim world drew its slaves from two main sources: Eastern and Central Europe (Slavs) and Turkestan. The Sudan only came third. "Africa from the Seventh to Eleventh Century, UNESCO, 1988

My source states:
1. No West African slaves were found in the ARAB world.
2. It was impossible to get high numbers West African slaves due to desert crossing.
3. Slaves from West Africa came LATER and even so they were only THIRD compared to European slaves.

Lets see sources please. :smile:

Notice how mines never really changed.

Plus you've been overstating the white slave thing, most of the time they were concubines, pages, or trusted eunuchs in charge of finances.
I'm not overstating anything just read what me and @Poitier posted.

To the Arab influenced world however, Africans were superior for that role in that they had more skills and uses for them. In al Andalus they had easy access to white slaves, so it was one of the chief exports to even more major hubs like Cairo, Mecca, Damascus, etc. This wasn't a case of Black Africans going to Spain and ruling over it alongside Arabs and Berbers, many of them were in fact slaves. Plus al Andalus was begun by an Arab prince from the ousted Umayyad Dynasty so I don't know where you got the idea that Berbers were solely responsible for Moorish culture. In fact, Moorish culture GAVE those Berbers a more progressive culture and they upheld the legacy. Again, I'm not saying Blacks didn't enjoy positions of privilege within Moorish society but there was a catch to this shyt and it's not good to put your head in the sand about it and chalk it up to "Eurocentric viewpoints".

Again you differentiate black and Berbers.:snoop:

Falling right into the trap.

*Sigh*

Fatimid infantry included "sudani or 'black' African and even Masmuda Berbers from the western Sahara ..." - See David Nicholle's Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and the Struggle for ... - David Nicolle - Google Books

Fatimid infantry consisted of "20,000 Moroccans (Masmudi Berbers), 30,000 Sudanese, 10,000 'easterners..." - Terrence Wise, The Wars of the Crusades, 1096-1291, 1974, pp 52

Masmuda:
ng4vpt.jpg


I even listed you 9 Berber groups who were described as only black...:snoop:



I dunno, I think its cuz the Arab involvement in the rape and pillaging of Africa is hardly discussed like Europeans. Most of yall are of the Diaspora so yall gripe is with euro cacs and understandably so but as an Ethiopian its no secret to me that the rise of the Arabs fukked Africa up before euros even got there. Hell I take extreme pride in my culture but I'm also the first to admit Ethiopia was heavily involved in the slave trade and it's been less than 100 years since slavery was officially stomped out in the country. Same style slavery as the Arabs too with eunuchs, harems, and even plantations. It sucks to know, but it's a reality someone has to be willing to look at. Part of the danger of Afrocentric shyt is that it can become what you want to hear as oppose to what is, if you read all the credible Afrocentric scholars they acknowledged many of the things I just said in this post.

Again like I said you're letting of dislike of Arabs cloud your thinking in this discussion. Nobody is choosing what they want to hear we're simply going by reality... As for Europeans I'm not letting my judgement of them have an impact on my thinking in this thread.
 

Poitier

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@2Quik4UHoes I don't understand the importance of what Berber's perceived themselves as?

Egyptians from Nubians
Bantus from San people
Horners from Niger-Congo people

do you see how its all Black despite the division?
 
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Bawon Samedi

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lol, why the fukk do you keep bring up genetics and DNA n shyt? That has absolutely nothing to do with the point I'm trying to make and literally gets us nowhere. I'm talkin about how Arabs during the time of the Moors viewed Black Africans and Berbers, I'm also explaining how Berbers were involved in the enslavement of Black Africans in all it's processes. I don't give a fukk about them being Black or not, this is about Moorish Spain not being the shyt yall hype it up to be.

In fact, I can't seriously discuss shyt with someone that dismisses Diop like that. Go listen to Umar Johnson or some shyt I'm done. :russ:


Dios mío... I believe I already explained many times on this thread how the DNA lineages of the Berbers help us get a clear picture.

If we're going by Y-DNA, then Berbers clearly have an East African origin. Their maternal heritage is more complicated. We do know the L-lineages of the early Maghreb roughly 20,000 years ago are identical to present day markers in the Sahel and Savannah populations based on Frigi and Cherni 2010 study.

But back to their Y-DNA, it shows that they are around 80% in African ancestry based on AFRICAN E-M81.
Haplogroup-E-M81.gif


Due to that we know that the slave traders were AFRICANS, if it were the other way then it would have been some Eurasian lineages(like with African American males) but we do not see that with the Berbers.

Berbers and the culture/language came from East Africa because its lineages E-M81 and ancestor lineages trace back there!
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RFDBC3Mrh...KA/tx02k-dvLNs/s1600/E_Snp_Phylogeography.jpg

As for their mtDNA it is diverse but it has significant female European lineages showing once again that European slave women were the more common slaves. As a result geneticist show that modern day North Africans are a result of European women and African men based off their Y-DNA and mtDNA. Now do you see why genetics is important in this discussion. You also hinted that Berbers were not black right?

And with this post you still differentiate blacks from Berber. And can you please show us sources that state Berbers were enslaving blacks during the Moor period:
1. Around that time Berbers were black and described as black themselves.
2. There are no historical sources that even state such a thing.

As for Diop no one even dismissed him. I only pointed out a flaw he had. Its called being objective which you have not shown.


Instead of getting snippy with me you should be thankful that I am being patient with you and showing this much respect out of respect for you.
 

Bawon Samedi

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@2Quik4UHoes I don't understand the importance of what Berber's perceived themselves as?

Egyptians from Nubians
Bantus from San people
Horners from Niger-Congo people

do you see how its all Black despite the division?

It doesn't matter because the Europeans described the Berbers who invaded Southern Europe prior to the 14/15th similar to how they described "black Africans."

The Masmuda Berbers alone says it all.
 

2Quik4UHoes

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fukk it. I tried to be nice about it. Don't think I forgot about you neither. :ufdup:

Lets see if we can try this again...(indeed)


And?

Do you have a source that correlates with this? You keep telling me to read that book you linked(and I will) but is that the only source you have? You can easily find something that backs up your claim around the net somewhere. Where is proof that the Zank rebellion was the reason for slave traders going to the Sahara. Instead we have this.

I read books my good sir, I don't whore google for points that makes me feel better. Slave traders were always in the Sahara, history proves this. The rebellion made West African slaves more desirable, that doesn't mean the East African trade stopped. It means the Saharan routes got a boost. lol, I don't think you even know about the Zanj revolt and how monumental it was especially in terms of attitudes towards Blacks in the world(EAs in particular). It was a pretty big turning point and one of the first points of the more modern form of racism we have today. I'm sure you'll post some random link next to prove you indeed know anything about the revolt and its consequences.

But since you like links so much.
http://www.pinterest.com/caribbeanstory/trans-saharan-slave-trade/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_slave_trade

"Deprived of most of their sources of white slaves, the Ottomans turned more and more to Africa, which in the course of the nineteenth century came to provide the overwhelming majority of slaves used in Muslim countries from Morocco to Asia(Lewis, 1990, Race and Slavery in the Middle East, p. 12)

Like I said a million times already the Middle Ages was clearly the age of the most common slaves of the previous Greco-Roman ecumenon, from central and eastern Europe, from where we get the term slave. It wasn't because they were of the Zanj revolt that they turned toward the Sahara, it was because they no longer had access to their white slaves. Which again repeat again backs my point with European slaves being the predominate slaves during that period![/QUOTE]

:laff: :laff: :laff:

Why do you keep using quotes out of context like it's proving shyt? :dead:

So are you saying Ottomans comprise the whole of the Islamic era? This speaks to your weakness within this subject. Does the quote you posted take into account what the Umayyads were doing? Or the Abbasids? How bout the Mughals or Muslim China? I had no idea the Ottomans included the Mahgrib or Ifryikka, color me shocked.

This is the second time you bring up this quote, what does the dwindling supply of white slaves for the Ottoman courts have to do with Moorish society being a slave holding society? Do you even know why they were being deprived of their white slaves? It's funny how dense you are on this, you don't even realize it was the Moors that were the main suppliers of white slaves along with Ottoman dominance of the Balkans which was coming to an end in the 19th century which is what your quote addresses. We were talking about how the Moors had Black slaves and you keep bringing up the Ottomans, both civs had the same societal standards genius they were both part of a wider Islamic world which practiced Black slavery. Why is that so hard for you to grasp?

White slaves were popular for the rareness of them plus the women were perceived as the most beautiful, but Black slaves were viewed as the best and most reliable/versatile and had a proven track record. This was in the entire Islamic world(And? right...:pachaha:) which included al Andalus, the Moors weren't different and you need to understand this. They were progressive in other areas, there were free Blacks as well, but it was a society that held Black slaves like the rest of the Islamic World, but since my bringing up the larger world society Moors were a part of has no use to you lets just move on....


And speaking of the Zanj rebellion:
"All the talk about slaves rising against the wretched conditions of work in the salt marshes of Basra is a figment of the imagination and has no support in the sources. [...] The vast majority of the rebels were Arabs of the Persian Gulf supported by free East Africans who had made their homes in the region [...] If more proof is needed that it was not a slave revolt, it is to be found in the fact that it had a highly organized army and navy which vigorously resisted the whole weight of the central government for almost fifteen years." (M. A. Shaban, 'Regional Economic Conflicts': 101)

There are some doubts that it even was a slave rebellion.

Wow, so now the Zanj rebellion was pure fantasy? :skip::sas1:

You do know how those East Africans got there right? Islamic slavery had a much better track record of manumission I coulda swore I told you this already? There were quite a few free Blacks in the Islamic world, but there were also a lot of slaves and that part of Asia is no different. Here breh, just read about the Zanj and what they did since you think they Disney characters or something. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655771/Zanj-rebellion https://libcom.org/library/zanj-slaves-rebellion-ad-869-883


It isn't a about protecting their greatness but showing reality. You keep saying Muslim slave market which is too big and general. (You idiot, the Moors were participants in the Muslim slave market and brought in Black slaves, where do you think the Spanish got that bright idea from? :mindblown:) Again the Arab slave trade is linked to the Indian ocean trade. Let me show you again:

"Except for the Zandj (black slaves) from lower Iraq, no large body of blacks historically linked to the trans-Saharan slave trade existed anywhere in the Arab world ... The high costs of slaves, because of the risks inherent in the desert crossing, which would have not permitted such a massive exodus ... In this connection, it is significant that in the Arabic iconography of the period, the slave merchant was often depicted as a man with a hole in his purse. Until the Crusades the Muslim world drew its slaves from two main sources: Eastern and Central Europe (Slavs) and Turkestan. The Sudan only came third. "Africa from the Seventh to Eleventh Century, UNESCO, 1988

lol, this is a good one. You mind linking this quote btw? :laugh:

I underlined "large body" for an important reason. It made more sense economically to get Black slaves from the Horn and lower East Africa however this only refers directly to the Arab world and not the greater world of Islam which is our current discussion. Your quote doesn't at all suggest that they weren't involved in the Trans Saharan slave trade but rather that it wasn't as robust as the East African trade which I acknowledged already. You're suggesting that there was no Trans Saharan slave trade, while your own quote says that there was. It was a continuous trade across Africa from West to East, how you've been denying it is just :laugh:



My source states:
1. No West African slaves were found in the ARAB world.
2. It was impossible to get high numbers West African slaves due to desert crossing.
3. Slaves from West Africa came LATER and even so they were only THIRD compared to European slaves.

1. Which is why I've been saying "Islamic World" which encompassed many different societies including Arab. So yes, West African slaves most definitely existed in the Arab slave trade. You just flat out don't want to believe that this was at all possible, I didn't say they just raped and pillaged Songhai like they was bytches. They took advantage of smaller kingdoms that wanted to deal cordially with them under the common religion of Islam and got played for it.
2. No it wasn't, wanna know how I know? You own quote says it.
3. So first it was impossible, now they came later on down the line? I guess progress for you is good. :ehh:


Lets see sources please. :smile:

Coming right up. :tu:

Notice how mines never really changed.

Yeah, you might need to look into that. Or at least learn how to use them better since they're all over the place. :ufdup:

I'm not overstating anything just read what me and @Poitier posted.



Again you differentiate black and Berbers.:snoop:

Falling right into the trap.

*Sigh*

Fatimid infantry included "sudani or 'black' African and even Masmuda Berbers from the western Sahara ..." - See David Nicholle's Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and the Struggle for ... - David Nicolle - Google Books

Fatimid infantry consisted of "20,000 Moroccans (Masmudi Berbers), 30,000 Sudanese, 10,000 'easterners..." - Terrence Wise, The Wars of the Crusades, 1096-1291, 1974, pp 52

Masmuda:
ng4vpt.jpg


I even listed you 9 Berber groups who were described as only black...:snoop:





Again like I said you're letting of dislike of Arabs cloud your thinking in this discussion. Nobody is choosing what they want to hear we're simply going by reality... As for Europeans I'm not letting my judgement of them have an impact on my thinking in this thread.


All jokes aside I never seen someone so slow. I know it can be tough to read my paragraphs but either your purposely ignoring what I'm saying or you trolling me. nikka, I'm explaining how during the era of the Moors different groups were viewed. :mindblown:

Berbers......saw.......themselves....differently.....from.......sub......Saharan.........Africans. Arabs........also........viewed.......Berbers......as...different.....from......sub-Saharan..........Africans. Both........groups......took.......sub-Saharan.....Africans.......as......slaves. Sub-Saharan...Africans......also....had.....slaves..... Having.....slaves.....in.....the.....world......of....Islam.....was.....a......sign......of....wealth......kinda......like........:birdman:.......having....a.....lot....of....cars.


24e1dlt.jpg

35k7bz5.jpg

fo0pys.jpg


Understand something. I don't give a flying fukk about what race they were/are that's not what we're discussing, I'm explaining what they were within the context of the racial caste in the Islamic world of which they were a part of. I keep bringing it up because it has relevance to this discussion of the Moors since Berbers were heavily involved in Moorish society.

You have this naive idea that al Andalus was some society where everyone owned white slaves including Blacks when everyone of any colors was enslaved in Moorish society. Blacks were imported, whites were exported. You can think the assault on West Africa began with the Europeans but it was well before that, that just speaks to the greatness of the Empires that thrived during the shyt. Deal with it. :tu:

To begin, I think my having to oversimplify shyt has gotten us way off topic. The topic being that the Moors had Black slaves. Moors planted the earliest seeds of the Atlantic slave trade.
2ymy6h2.jpg

n1th4z.jpg

9fpms2.jpg


A Trans Saharan slave trade took place, and it involved the capture and sale of Sub Saharan Africans. I mean this I learned about in 3rd grade, I ain't know people didn't believe in its existance. Hell it prolly still goes on now.
30a8hh2.jpg

r712rr.jpg

r712rr.jpg

28sug0l.jpg

213k7eh.jpg

i41ykh.jpg

35je7b8.jpg


Oh, and about that Somalis being referred to as Berbers thing....
jb65ch.jpg

The penetration of Islam into Africa brought an end to many old religions and customs in exchange for prosperity within the wider world market.
30vyvx3.jpg

I await your retort. :sas2:
 
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2Quik4UHoes

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Again just to reiterate:

- Moorish Spain technically wasn't under the rule of Black Africans, Black Africans however played a vital role in Andalusian society. Many of these Black Africans were slaves.

- I'm not saying Berbers aren't African or there aren't dark skinned Berbers. I'm saying within the common Islamic culture Berbers, Arabs, and Black Africans were a part of during the time of the Moors, Berbers were seen differently from Sub Saharan Africans. Berbers were also participants in the Trans Saharan slave trade and played a vital role as did other major groups of the Sahara.
 

Bawon Samedi

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@2Quik4UHoes

I read books my good sir, I don't whore google for points that makes me feel better. Slave traders were always in the Sahara, history proves this. The rebellion made West African slaves more desirable, that doesn't mean the East African trade stopped. It means the Saharan routes got a boost. lol, I don't think you even know about the Zanj revolt and how monumental it was especially in terms of attitudes towards Blacks in the world(EAs in particular). It was a pretty big turning point and one of the first points of the more modern form of racism we have today. I'm sure you'll post some random link next to prove you indeed know anything about the revolt and its consequences.

But since you like links so much.
http://www.pinterest.com/caribbeanstory/trans-saharan-slave-trade/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_slave_trade


When did I ever deny slave traders were always in the Sahara? Read my argument again, I said its a myth that prior to the Moors and 19th century that blacks were more numerous than whites in the Trans Sahara slave Trade.

Again the rebellion did not make West African slave more desirable:
"Deprived of most of their sources of white slaves, the Ottomans turned more and more to Africa, which in the course of the nineteenth century came to provide the overwhelming majority of slaves used in Muslim countries from Morocco to Asia” (Lewis, 1990, Race and Slavery in the Middle East, p. 12)

Also I think I do know about the Zanj revolt.


Why do you keep using quotes out of context like it's proving shyt? :dead:

So are you saying Ottomans comprise the whole of the Islamic era? This speaks to your weakness within this subject. Does the quote you posted take into account what the Umayyads were doing? Or the Abbasids? How bout the Mughals or Muslim China? I had no idea the Ottomans included the Mahgrib or Ifryikka, color me shocked.


Are you forgetting that the Ottomans were one of the largest Islamic empires???
64886-004-2353B724.gif



This is the second time you bring up this quote, what does the dwindling supply of white slaves for the Ottoman courts have to do with Moorish society being a slave holding society? Do you even know why they were being deprived of their white slaves? It's funny how dense you are on this, you don't even realize it was the Moors that were the main suppliers of white slaves along with Ottoman dominance of the Balkans which was coming to an end in the 19th century which is what your quote addresses. We were talking about how the Moors had Black slaves and you keep bringing up the Ottomans, both civs had the same societal standards genius they were both part of a wider Islamic world which practiced Black slavery. Why is that so hard for you to grasp?

White slaves were popular for the rareness of them plus the women were perceived as the most beautiful, but Black slaves were viewed as the best and most reliable/versatile and had a proven track record. This was in the entire Islamic world(And? right...:pachaha:) which included al Andalus, the Moors weren't different and you need to understand this. They were progressive in other areas, there were free Blacks as well, but it was a society that held Black slaves like the rest of the Islamic World, but since my bringing up the larger world society Moors were a part of has no use to you lets just move on....


Stop side-stepping. The quote I quoted from you weren't specifically even talking about the Moors but Islamic slavery in general along with the Zanj and Indian ocean trade. From what you said:
"African Empires converted to Islam in order to have better dealings with the greater market which included India and China whom were also under Muslim influence. The Zanj rebellion absolutely turned off slave owners to East Africans and this stimulated the slave trade through the Sahara."

No where did I see any mention of "Moors" mentioned. You're side-stepping, you were talking about Islamic empires going more towards West Africans due to the Zanj revolts. And again the Ottoman empire was by far the largest Islamic empire at that time.

Wow, so now the Zanj rebellion was pure fantasy? :skip::sas1:

You do know how those East Africans got there right? Islamic slavery had a much better track record of manumission I coulda swore I told you this already? There were quite a few free Blacks in the Islamic world, but there were also a lot of slaves and that part of Asia is no different. Here breh, just read about the Zanj and what they did since you think they Disney characters or something.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655771/Zanj-rebellion https://libcom.org/library/zanj-slaves-rebellion-ad-869-883


Please stop putting words in my mouth. I never said it was a fantasy I said that there are many historians that doubt it was even a slave revolt due to lack of sources that support it.

lol, this is a good one. You mind linking this quote btw? :laugh:

I underlined "large body" for an important reason. It made more sense economically to get Black slaves from the Horn and lower East Africa however this only refers directly to the Arab world and not the greater world of Islam which is our current discussion. Your quote doesn't at all suggest that they weren't involved in the Trans Saharan slave trade but rather that it wasn't as robust as the East African trade which I acknowledged already. You're suggesting that there was no Trans Saharan slave trade, while your own quote says that there was. It was a continuous trade across Africa from West to East, how you've been denying it is just :laugh:


Again putting words in my mouth. Where did I say that there were no Trans Saharan slave trade??? I and the quote said THERE WAS NO SLAVES FROM THE TSST LINKED TO ANY ARAB COUNTRIES! Meaning that any slaves that were from the Sahara DID NOT go to any Arab countries because they were NOT apart of the Indian ocean trade AKA the Arab trade. It was not no continues trade West to East.

1. Which is why I've been saying "Islamic World" which encompassed many different societies including Arab. So yes, West African slaves most definitely existed in the Arab slave trade. You just flat out don't want to believe that this was at all possible, I didn't say they just raped and pillaged Songhai like they was bytches. They took advantage of smaller kingdoms that wanted to deal cordially with them under the common religion of Islam and got played for it.
2. No it wasn't, wanna know how I know? You own quote says it.
3. So first it was impossible, now they came later on down the line? I guess progress for you is good.


1. Before it seemed you were suggesting that West Africans were apart of the Arab slave trade. And no West Africans did not exist in the Indian ocean trade AKA the Arab slave trade. You keep thinking I have some personal emotion link to this discussion when I'm only looking for facts which you have not provided.
2. What!? My quote clearly states that desert would have made any slave transition from the south difficult and because of that slavers avoided getting slaves from the south.
3. Because people started getting experienced at desert crossing around that time. Heck even Europeans were getting experienced at it. Prior to that they didn't even know where Sahelian cities like Timbuktu were.

All jokes aside I never seen someone so slow. I know it can be tough to read my paragraphs but either your purposely ignoring what I'm saying or you trolling me. nikka, I'm explaining how during the era of the Moors different groups were viewed. :mindblown:

Berbers......saw.......themselves....differently.....from.......sub......Saharan.........Africans. Arabs........also........viewed.......Berbers......as...different.....from......sub-Saharan..........Africans. Both........groups......took.......sub-Saharan.....Africans.......as......slaves. Sub-Saharan...Africans......also....had.....slaves..... Having.....slaves.....in.....the.....world......of....Islam.....was.....a......sign......of....wealth......kinda......like........:birdman:.......having....a.....lot....of....cars.


You're calling slow when me and @Poitier already addressed???? It doesn't matter if Berbers saw themselves different from other Africans? How does that stop making them black? I already said the Fulani back then were considered white by some Africans. You also missed how I specifcally said how non Africans like Europeans described the Berbers NO DIFFERENT from their African neighbors

Anyways let me get down to business on the descriptions of the Berbers yet again:

5th century AD - “The Moors have bodies black as night, while the skin of the Gauls is white..." written by Isidore of Seville from The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville - by Steven A. Barney published 2007. p. 386

10th to 11th century AD Iraqi Physician Ibn Butlan wrote, “The Berber women are from the island of Barbara, which is between the west and the south. Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda, then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters… “ cited in Gender and sexuality in the Middle Ages by Martha A. Brożyna p. 303 2005.

1st century Silius Italicus also describes the Moors with the term ‘Nigra’ meaning black. In the 3rd century Roman dramatist Platus or Plautus maintained the name Maure was a synonym for “Niger” which another common term for the blacks in Europe. 6th century Isidore Archbishop of Seville claimed the word Maure meant black according to Brunson and Runoko Rashidi in “The Moors in Antiquity” in Golden Age of the Moor, 1991.

11th Century-

See Yaacov Lev, “Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt, 358-487/968-1094″, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 19.3 (1987) p. 342.

At the moment the published DBM list contains no troops that fit this description, and the most likely candidates at this date are probably the Berbers. The Persian traveller Nasir-i Khusrau described Fatimid Masmuda infantry as armed with spear and sword (Yaacov Lev, "Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt, 358-487/968-1094", International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 19.3 (1987), p.342; although Nasir-i Khusrau for some reason describes them as black Africans, the Masmuda are a Berber confederacy).

And let I reiterate again with all the early black Berbers during the time.

  • Masmuda
  • Kutama
  • Zuwawa
  • Zanata
  • Sanhaja
  • Nafzwa
  • Massufa
  • Gazula
  • Lamtuna
Again ALL DESCRIBED AS BLACK. Name me a non-black Berber tribe prior to the 14/15th century so far no one has.:sasukecocky:

Again all prior to the 14th/15th century where we really started to see non-black Berbers. And also I question your book even the validity of it.

1. They give no date for these light skinned Berbers. Like I said light skinned Berbers came later after the expulsion of Muslims from Southern Europe during the 14th century.
2. They give no date of these light skinned Berbers which is important.
3. They don't even name a specific Berber tribe! lol! I already mentioned that non-black Muslims in Iberia outnumbered the black ones and so we really started seeing more non-black ones.

Understand something. I don't give a flying fukk about what race they were/are that's not what we're discussing, I'm explaining what they were within the context of the racial caste in the Islamic world of which they were a part of. I keep bringing it up because it has relevance to this discussion of the Moors since Berbers were heavily involved in Moorish society.

You have this naive idea that al Andalus was some society where everyone owned white slaves including Blacks when everyone of any colors was enslaved in Moorish society. Blacks were imported, whites were exported. You can think the assault on West Africa began with the Europeans but it was well before that, that just speaks to the greatness of the Empires that thrived during the shyt. Deal with it.


No one said you cared what race they were, simply having an discussion. But...This whole topic IS about proving what race the Berbers/Moors were prior to the 14th/15th century. And so far you have tried to differentiate Berbers from blacks. When:

1. I NAMED you named you plenty of black Berber groups who were the FIRST invaders of Europe.
2. I told you that Berbers are not one monilthic group and the only thing all Berbers share in common is language.


You keep thinking the lighter toned Berbers were the original invading Berbers.

Again name me a lighter toned Berber group that was apart of the invading Moorish group who invaded. We're not talking about racial caste or anything that has to do with racial problems. That's not what the discussion is about in this thread but showing that the Moors has a black root. I didn't saying there were only white slaves. Again you put words in my mouth. I said during that period whites were the PREDOMINATE slaves. And I don't say I am making this up because you can read my earlier post. Whites outnumbered black slaves why do you think slave comes from the word slav. And I never said the assault on West Africa began with Europe, but I did show that the Almoravid conquest of Ghana is no longer taken as a confirmed fact.

Again show me a non-black Berber group that were apart of the original invading Moors that invaded Shouter Europe. Or deal with it.

I'll reply to the rest of your post since its long.
 

2Quik4UHoes

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I'm already done with you breh don't quote or tag me in this thread any further. The fact that you still use that Ottoman quote lets me know you're not at all understanding what I'm saying, it's no use wasting my time. :tu:
 

Bawon Samedi

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@2Quik4UHoes

To begin, I think my having to oversimplify shyt has gotten us way off topic. The topic being that the Moors had Black slaves. Moors planted the earliest seeds of the Atlantic slave trade.

2ymy6h2.jpg

Lets refer back to this:

"Except for the Zandj (black slaves) from lower Iraq, no large body of blacks historically linked to the trans-Saharan slave trade existed anywhere in the Arab world ... The high costs of slaves, because of the risks inherent in the desert crossing, which would have not permitted such a massive exodus ... In this connection, it is significant that in the Arabic iconography of the period, the slave merchant was often depicted as a man with a hole in his purse. Until the Crusades the Muslim world drew its slaves from two main sources: Eastern and Central Europe (Slavs) and Turkestan. The Sudan only came third. " Africa from the Seventh to Eleventh Century, UNESCO, 1988


n1th4z.jpg



"It is possible that some black slaves were among them, but few other are likely to be brought there for export abroad to other parts of Islam, which needed no such detour from shorter, direct routes in the black slave market."

Read your sources breh.

As for your third source; it doesn't even give a source of where the black slaves were imported from none of your sources does. All it says is "whom al-Andalus had imported,"
1. Doesn't even name Moors.
2. Must certainly doesn't name a Berber group.

Unreliable IMO. So you saying the Moors were responsible for the Atlantic slavery; you need more clear sources IMO.


A Trans Saharan slave trade took place, and it involved the capture and sale of Sub Saharan Africans. I mean this I learned about in 3rd grade, I ain't know people didn't believe in its existance. Hell it prolly still goes on now.
30a8hh2.jpg


"At the end of the month [August 1819], a large Kaffle [caravan] of Arabs, Tripolines and Tibboo, arrived from Bornou, bringing with them 1400 slaves of both sexes and all of ages, greater part being female."

1. Proves my point with most black slaves from the Sahel coming mostly during the 19th century.
2. I see no mentions of them being exported to the Maghreb/Northwest Africa.
3. 1400 slaves? Lets compare this to what @Poitier posted.

The Ottoman wars in Europe and Tatar raids brought large numbers of European Christian slaves into the Muslim world.[17][18][19] In 1769 a last major Tatar raid saw the capture of 20,000 Russian and Polish slaves.[20]

There are also historical evidence of North African Muslim slave raids all along the Mediterranean coasts across Christian Europe and beyond to even as far north as the British Isles and Iceland (see the book titled White Gold by Giles Milton).[78]The majority of slaves traded across the Mediterranean region were predominantly of European origin from the 7th to 15th centuries.[79] The Barbary pirates continued to capture slaves from Europe and, to an extent, North America, from the 16th to 19th centuries.
qmzyf7.jpg


Europeans were still getting enslaved in large numbers than blacks even going into the 19th century where blacks were beginning to get enslaved by Muslims. Black Riff Berbers even continued raiding Europe for slaves.

28sug0l.jpg


^^^^That's talking about central Sudan not western Sudan. We all know Kanem-Bornu was apart of the slave trade, but it was the only Sudanic kingdom that really was.... Also their slaves mostly went east and not North towards the Maghreb. Your sources also makes no mention of slaves going North but going into the Arab world.

i41ykh.jpg

^^^He doesn't say Trans Sahara Slave trade but just Trans Sahara trade. He also states "might be". Again read your sources.

Also in this source you missed where it said Muslim governments in the North respected the more powerful Sudanic black kingdoms in the South. You also missed where it said that Sudanic kingdoms controlled the markets which saharan nomads needed.. Which is what I've been saying for the longest. -__-


Also speaking of Northern vs Southen relations and Western Sudanic vs Nomadic relations////


[CENTER"Trans-Saharan Trade and the West African Discovery of the Mediterranean World"[/CENTER]
Before the wider introduction of firearms in the 16th century, the Arab rulers of Northern Africa had no real possibilities to threaten their West African counterparts with war, as there were no such differences between the military technology which guaranteed them any absolute superiority. Furthermore, the West African armies were very large, although the claims in Arabic sources, such as the ruler of Ghana having an army of 200,000 warriors, are certainly exaggerating. Yet, in any case, we can speak of tens of thousands. To send an army of an equal size across the Sahara was extremely hazardous, and the success of the Moroccan invasion in Timbuktu in 1591 is rather an exception which reinforces the general rule: the ruler of Songhay empire considered it unnecessary to poison the wells in the desert or to organize any effective counter-attack, because he was convinced that the Moroccans would perish in the desert anyway. In fact, Judar Pasha did lose a great deal of his men during the deathly march across the western Sahara. Besides the desert, another natural advantage which protected the West Africans, was the unhealthy environment. Most parts of the savanna are infected by trypanosomiasis, which is lethal especially for quadrupeds, thus preventing the large scale use of cavalry forces in this area.

An illustrative example of the military encounter between North and West African states is the dispute on the possession of the important salt mines of Taghaza in central Sahara. At first Taghaza had been controlled by the Saharan nomads, but in the early 14th century the rulers of Mali managed to maintain some control over the routes leading these mines from the south. By the end of the following century, the askias of Songhay, which had superceded superceded Mali as the dominant power in Western Africa, extended their rule even further in the desert and appointed a governor in Taghaza. However, in 1544, Sultan Muhammad al-Mahdi, the founder of Sa'did power in Morocco, demanded the ruler of Songhay, askia Ishaq I, to give him the mines. Askia Ishaq naturally refused to do it, and a war broke out. The Moroccans sent an army to occupy Taghaza, but the army was destroyed in the desert. As response to this, a Songhay army consisting of Tuaregs, attacked northwards and sacked the southern parts of Morocco, forcing Sultan Muhammad to flee from Marrakesh. Similarly, the rulers of Bornu, lying around Lake Chad, were able to expand their political dominance deep into Fezzan, occupying the oases until the 16th century....

As you can see they weren't always enemies. If anything Berbers like the Tuaregs were under the thumb of Western Sudanic rulers and they used Berbers all the time. The opposite of what you think

As for the rest of your sources it mostly mentions the Central Sudan and slavery during LATER periods like the 16-19th century when Sahalian blacks started to be taken as slaves by Muslims. Way after the Moorish period. Even so it mostly shows those slaves going East to like Egypt and not towards the Maghreb.


Oh, and about that Somalis being referred to as Berbers thing....

And yet I have posted many sources of early Northwest African Berbers being described as black e.g the Masmuda. :smile:

Like I said before we start to see non-black Berbers around the 14/15th century. You have still not shown us a non-black Berber group prior ti that time. I'll wait,



The penetration of Islam into Africa brought an end to many old religions and customs in exchange for prosperity within the wider world market.

What does this have to do with anything?
 

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I'm already done with you breh don't quote or tag me in this thread any further. The fact that you still use that Ottoman quote lets me know you're not at all understanding what I'm saying, it's no use wasting my time. :tu:

Didn't I not say the ottoman Empire was the largest Islamic Empire at the time and controlled most Muslim land? They DID comprise of most of the Muslim world, specially the Middle East and North Africa. Also you say I have no understanding yet you kept differentiating blacks from Berbers when I even named you early Berber groups that were described as black, yet you kept continuing. I even tried to tell you Berbers Y-DNA alone tells us that the main slavers were black Africans and not any non-black group. Along that I also I told you no blacks slaves from the Trans Sahara slave trade were linked to the Indian ocean slave trade aka the Arab slave trade. But whatever we can agree to disagree. It is no point in wasting anytime. :tu:

Just letting you know I'm NOT angry.
 
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2Quik4UHoes

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Didn't I not say the ottoman Empire was the largest Islamic Empire at the time and controlled most Muslim land?(No, you keep citing a quote that has no relevance to the point I was making) They DID comprise of most of the Muslim world, specially the Middle East and North Africa.(But there was a Muslim world before the Ottomans, they adopted their domains from past Islamic dynasties) Also you say I have no understanding yet you kept differentiating blacks from Berbers when I even named you early Berber groups that were described as black, yet you kept continuing.(In the days of the Moors, Berbers and Sub Saharan Black Africans were viewed differently in the context of slavery and the slave society....this is the point you keep refuting with DNA and other shyt like that matters? Berbers were participants in the trade, Black Africans were its commodity. Ok so DNA says Berbers are Black Africans, does that change the fact that during the time of the Moors the Berbers were viewed as different from the Black Africans of the Sub Saharan regions? Mind you, my dispute hasn't even been whether Berbers were black but rather that the Moors aren't the most shining example to give in regards to Africans during the Middle Ages.) And also when I told you no blacks slaves from the Trans Sahara slave trade were linked to the Indian ocean slave trade aka the Arab slave trade.(Again, Indian Ocean trade involved one segment of the Arab slave trade. And yes, they were involved in that trade but not as much as the north south trade with Muslim Spain aka the Moors, Sicily, the Ottomans, etc which is a part of the Arab slave trade. The Arab slave trade worked out of many regions not just East Africa.) But whatever we can agree to disagree. It is no point in wasting anytime. :tu:(Good idea)

Just letting you know I'm angry.

It's no hard feelings, I can throw jabs in these type of situations but I never mean it. You not dumb at all, just extremely misguided. I dunno, just try to read what I'm saying a little more carefully.
 

Bawon Samedi

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It's no hard feelings, I can throw jabs in these type of situations but I never mean it. You not dumb at all, just extremely misguided. I dunno, just try to read what I'm saying a little more carefully.

I meant to say I'm not angry.

But yeah we were pretty much arguing two different things. Me trying to prove the race of the early Berbers/Moors and you with how racial discrimination was common and how Arabs and other Muslims saw blacks.

No hard feeling. Again I was just putting the Moors/Berbers in their African context.
 

2Quik4UHoes

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I meant to say I'm not angry.

But yeah we were pretty much arguing two different things. Me trying to prove the race of the early Berbers/Moors and you with how racial discrimination was common and how Arabs and other Muslims saw blacks.

No hard feeling. Again I was just putting the Moors/Berbers in their African context.

I understand that point, all I was saying was that in terms of achievements that were purely African I would argue that the Siddis were much higher up than the Blacks of Moorish Spain because they were a product of a culture and rule that wasn't their own and in reality never really ruled there. It's arguable as to whether or not Berbers were darker then or not, but what's clear is tha in the Arab dominated world of those times they were viewed differently from Black Africans and they behaved differently as well.
 

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I understand that point, all I was saying was that in terms of achievements that were purely African I would argue that the Siddis were much higher up than the Blacks of Moorish Spain because they were a product of a culture and rule that wasn't their own and in reality never really ruled there. It's arguable as to whether or not Berbers were darker then or not, but what's clear is tha in the Arab dominated world of those times they were viewed differently from Black Africans and they behaved differently as well.


I respectfully disagree. :smile:

Al-Jahiz (776-869) wrote that: "among the Blacks are counted the Sudanese, the Ethiopians, the Fezzan, the Berbers, the Copts, the Nubians, the Zaghawa, the Moors."

Al-Jahiz who himself was an Arab during that time. We're also inclined to view Berbers and Moors as one in the same, as we are Nubians and Ethiopians and Sudanese and Zaghawa. Berbers were definitely not sen as separate from blacks by foreigners at least until the 15th century.
 
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