Douglass was the last president of the bank and asked to be over the bank in 1874 - when it was already corrupted and on it's last leg.
No. The government did. You can't blame Frederick Douglass for the failures of Reconstruction. He was just placed in a position - he held no power like that. The even messed up part is more white people received aid from the Freedman's Bureau than Black.
It failed due to President Johnson, White Terrorism and the White Supremacist society of the South (and the North). Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights and the
Freedman's Bureau Bill.
In 1866, Congress renewed the charter for the Bureau. President
Andrew Johnson, a Southerner who had succeeded to the office following Lincoln's assassination, vetoed the bill because he believed that it encroached on states' rights, relied inappropriately on the military in peacetime, and would prevent freed slaves from becoming independent by offering too much assistance.
By 1869, the Bureau had lost most of its funding and as a result been forced to cut much of its staff. By 1870 the Bureau had been considerably weakened due to the rise of
Ku Klux Klan violence in the South. In 1872, Congress abruptly abandoned the program, effectively shutting down the Bureau by refusing to approve renewal legislation.
Refresh your memory:
‘A Treacherous President Stood in the Way’
and: