Black family in Georgia passed down a song through the centuries after slavery. Researchers linked song to Mende tribe in West Africa.

[Skooby]

Interesting that Africans that were traded could have been either either Muslim or Christian, depending on the region. Of course some still had their own native religion. And Christianity was forced on those in West Africa (outside of the central west Africa/Angola/Congo).

 

[Ish Gibor]

They'll say the tests are inaccurate and that the technology doesn't factor in more than x generations and that cac scientists were biased and gathered mostly DNA samples from Europe so it can't accurately detect Native American DNA due to their population decrease

There are still living populations in the Amazon and Inuit. These people have the same gene pool.

A scientific observation is a scientific observation, that’s all there’s to it. It can be reviewed, analyzed and tested. If cac scientists use bias methods this can be verified as well. That the beauty of science.

“All Native American mtDNA can be traced back to five Haplogroups called A, B, C, D, and X. More specifically, Native American mtDNA belongs to sub-haplogroups that are unique to the Americas and not found in Asia or Europe: A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a (with minor groups C4c, D2, D3, and D4h3). Based on the study, the A2, B2, C1, and D1 groups are estimated to have developed between 18,000 and 21,000 years ago. Since the Native American mtDNA sub-haplogroups are not found in Asia, they are believed to have developed while founding groups were crossing into the Americas from Asia via Beringia.

The study suggests that 95% of Native American mtDNAs are descended from the six founding mothers of the A2, B2, C1b, Cc, C1d, and D1 sub-haplogroups. The other 5% is composed of the X2a, D2, D3, C4, and D4h3 sub-haplogroups.”

The Six Founding Native American Mothers - The Genetic Genealogist

If you’re interested in DNA, Native American History, or genetic genealogy, then you’re undoubtedly heard of a new paper from PLoS ONE called “The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American mtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies.” The authors, from… Continue reading →

thegeneticgenealogist.com

 

[Skooby]

Sir, there are still living populations in the Amazon and Inuit. These people have the same gene pool. All this nonsense about it’s “cac science” is pure nonsense and pseudo babble. You probably have never seen the inside of a lab, or own a microscope. If we as Black people want to survive the future we will have to engage in scientific research. And there is not such things a “cac science”, because a molecule is a molecule.

A scientific observation is a scientific observation, that’s all there’s to it. Types like you have held the black community back for decades with this garbage nonsense, because in all actuality you are lazy!!!

“All Native American mtDNA can be traced back to five Haplogroups called A, B, C, D, and X. More specifically, Native American mtDNA belongs to sub-haplogroups that are unique to the Americas and not found in Asia or Europe: A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a (with minor groups C4c, D2, D3, and D4h3). Based on the study, the A2, B2, C1, and D1 groups are estimated to have developed between 18,000 and 21,000 years ago. Since the Native American mtDNA sub-haplogroups are not found in Asia, they are believed to have developed while founding groups were crossing into the Americas from Asia via Beringia.

The study suggests that 95% of Native American mtDNAs are descended from the six founding mothers of the A2, B2, C1b, Cc, C1d, and D1 sub-haplogroups. The other 5% is composed of the X2a, D2, D3, C4, and D4h3 sub-haplogroups.”

The Six Founding Native American Mothers - The Genetic Genealogist

If you’re interested in DNA, Native American History, or genetic genealogy, then you’re undoubtedly heard of a new paper from PLoS ONE called “The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American mtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies.” The authors, from… Continue reading →

thegeneticgenealogist.com

I think @Software was agreeing with you. I think he was talking about those who don't accept African origins.

 

[The Burger King]

Sir, there are still living populations in the Amazon and Inuit. These people have the same gene pool. All this nonsense about it’s “cac science” is pure nonsense and pseudo babble. You probably have never seen the inside of a lab, or own a microscope. If we as Black people want to survive the future we will have to engage in scientific research. And there is not such things a “cac science”, because a molecule is a molecule.

A scientific observation is a scientific observation, that’s all there’s to it. Types like you have held the black community back for decades with this garbage nonsense, because in all actuality you are lazy!!!

“All Native American mtDNA can be traced back to five Haplogroups called A, B, C, D, and X. More specifically, Native American mtDNA belongs to sub-haplogroups that are unique to the Americas and not found in Asia or Europe: A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a (with minor groups C4c, D2, D3, and D4h3). Based on the study, the A2, B2, C1, and D1 groups are estimated to have developed between 18,000 and 21,000 years ago. Since the Native American mtDNA sub-haplogroups are not found in Asia, they are believed to have developed while founding groups were crossing into the Americas from Asia via Beringia.

The study suggests that 95% of Native American mtDNAs are descended from the six founding mothers of the A2, B2, C1b, Cc, C1d, and D1 sub-haplogroups. The other 5% is composed of the X2a, D2, D3, C4, and D4h3 sub-haplogroups.”

The Six Founding Native American Mothers - The Genetic Genealogist

If you’re interested in DNA, Native American History, or genetic genealogy, then you’re undoubtedly heard of a new paper from PLoS ONE called “The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American mtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies.” The authors, from… Continue reading →

thegeneticgenealogist.com

The guy you’re replying to agrees with you, he’s saying what the idiots in this thread would say.

 

[Dafunkdoc_Unlimited]

Interesting that Africans that were traded could have been either either Muslim or Christian, depending on the region. Of course some still had their own native religion. And Christianity was forced on those in West Africa (outside of the central west Africa/Angola/Congo).

That is false. Many West Africans accepted the religion because they identified with the stories they heard in the text since Christianity had been in West Africa since the 11th Century, 500 years before colonization, according to Ibn al-Dawādārī who wrote:​

I heard the magistrate Fakhr al-Din, Inspector of the victorious army, say: “I asked the king of the Takrur (ʾāl-Takrwur): ‘What is the source like where the gold grows among them?’ Then he said: ‘It is not in our land which is the property of the Muslims; rather, it is in the land that is the property of the Christians of Takrur (ʾāl-Naṣʾārīy min ʾāl-Takrwur). We send to take from them a collection that is due to us and is required of them. These are special lands that produce gold in this way: they are small pieces of various textures, some are like small rings, some are like carob seeds, and so on.’” The magistrate Fakhr al-Din replied, saying: ‘Why don’t you conquer the land by force?’ He said: ‘If we conquer them and take it, it does not produce anything. We have done this in various ways, but we have not seen anything in it. But when it returns to them, it produces according to its average. This is a fascinating dynamic, and this is perhaps an increase in the dominance (ṭuğīyʾān) of the Christians.’”

~Kanz al-durar wa-jāmiʻ al-ghurar; translated by Professor Vince Bantu

Takrur lay on the West Coast of the continent between present-day Mauritania and Senegal.

This is Professor Vince Bantu.....

​

 

[Ish Gibor]

The guy you’re replying to agrees with you, he’s saying what the idiots in this thread would say.

I reread the post and edited my post. But that post was confusing. It came off as in support of ABOS when he responded to Amestafuu (Emeritus).

 

[HarlemHottie]

That’s true, but they were predominantly Tuareg and ethnic groups that aligned with the Tuareg in the Sahara. The Tuareg spread Islam into west Africa. So it’s true that there have been Black Moors. But these people claim to be the direct descendants. They do this with everything. A Black people doesn’t mean one is a direct descendant of that group of people.

The Fulani, after being the first group of people in West Africa to convert to Islam, became active in supporting Islamic theology and ideology from centres such as Timbuktu...

The first Fulani people who were forcibly expatriated to America during the Atlantic slave trade came from several parts of West and Central Africa. Many Fulani slaves came from places such as Guinea, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Cameroon. Most of the slaves who came from Senegal belonged to Fula and Mandinga peoples.[69][70] Some of the most common names found on the Registry of Liberated Africans were Fulani in origin.[71][72] Many of the captors and perpetrators of raids providing sources for the European slave merchants were also Fulani.[73]

Fula people - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

[Ish Gibor]

The Fulani, after being the first group of people in West Africa to convert to Islam, became active in supporting Islamic theology and ideology from centres such as Timbuktu...

The first Fulani people who were forcibly expatriated to America during the Atlantic slave trade came from several parts of West and Central Africa. Many Fulani slaves came from places such as Guinea, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Cameroon. Most of the slaves who came from Senegal belonged to Fula and Mandinga peoples.[69][70] Some of the most common names found on the Registry of Liberated Africans were Fulani in origin.[71][72] Many of the captors and perpetrators of raids providing sources for the European slave merchants were also Fulani.[73]

Fula people - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

“The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ∼1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice production was a key industry of many colonial South Carolina low country plantations. Accordingly, rice plantations owners within South Carolina often requested enslaved Africans from the so-called “Grain Coast” of western Africa (Senegal to Sierra Leone). Studies on the African origins of the enslaved within other regions of the Americas have been limited.
[…]
Enslaved Africans came from or through major coastal regions that had been labeled by Europeans as the Grain Coast (consisting of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone and parts of Liberia), Windward Coast (Ivory Coast and Liberia), Gold Coast (Ghana west of the Volta River), Bight of Benin (between the Volta and Benin Rivers), Bight of Biafra (east of the Benin River to Gabon), Central Africa (Gabon, Congo, and Angola), and the southern coast of Africa (from the cape of Good Hope to Cape Delgado, including the island of Madagascar).

In the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries west and west Central Africa were home to a range of societies and cultures of varying social organization from so-called “stateless” (village focused) societies to kingdoms [4], [5], [6]. The Senegambian region, with a long history of technical expertise in rice agriculture and making indigo dye, included a number of ethnic groups [5], [6], and Muslim kingdoms under Mande [7], as well as Fulani rule such as Futa Toro, Futa Jallon, and Bundu [8].
[…]
Historians report that the majority of enslaved Africans that were brought to the United States tended to be from Sierra Leone, Senegambia, and the Gold Coast, though Africans throughout the West African coast were also imported [1], [11], [12]. Within the British Caribbean, including Jamaica, a large proportion of enslaved Africans had origins from the Bight of Biafra. In the Dutch Caribbean, including what is now the US Virgin island of St. Thomas, many enslaved Africans were imported from the Bight of Benin [2]. Genetic data obtained from mitochondria and Y chromosome analyses support these findings for the British Caribbean [13].

The differences in origins of enslaved Africans are partially the result of preferences that European settlers had for different skill sets. Other factors such as availability and economic trends also influenced where enslaved Africans were obtained [2], [3].

Wax [12] reports that not only were the majority of Africans imported directly from Africa but also that Africans from the Gold and Windward coasts were among the most favored by European American colonists. Within the Caribbean, colonists apparently preferred Akan peoples over those from Angola [11]. Within South Carolina evidence indicates that Africans with skills in rice cultivation were in greatest demand. Several historians suggest that in South Carolina upwards of 40% of the enslaved originated from the “Grain coast” regions of Senegambia and Sierra Leone [14], [15], [16].

However, within South Carolina, as in the rest of the Americas, although the identities of African peoples were transformed, even lost, in the context of enslavement and forced acculturation they were not rendered totally invisible to historical research [8], [17] and cultural memory as evidenced by some Brazilians' and Cubans' abilities to speak Yoruba dialects.
[…]
In this study, we examine Y-chromosome genetic variation in African descendant populations. In addition, we search for genetic evidence of substantial Senegambian “Grain Coast” ancestry in African American males from South Carolina. Finally, we consider the paternal African origins of several African descendant populations throughout the Americas. In doing this we hope to not only provide a genetic perspective to compliment historical investigations into the issue of African geographical origins but also contribute to the understanding of the genetic structure of African American populations. Understanding the variation present in these populations has implicit ramifications on admixture mapping and association studies in this admixed politically defined ‘macro-ethnic’ group [35].

Visualization of the genetic distances in the MDS plots illustrates a strong geographical relationship between the African populations. Within the mega cluster of African populations, there is a geographical distribution of the populations. Groups from the Grain Coast generally fall together, as do groups from the Bight of Benin. One African American population, those from South Carolina, cluster with the African populations. Notably, the South Carolina population falls nearest to the Grain Coast populations. Ethnohistorical records indicate a relationship between African Americans within this region of the United States and West Africans from Senegal, Gambia, and Sierra Leone. Based on such records it has been suggested that many African Americans within South Carolina originate from the Grain Coast region of West Africa. Furthermore, Africans from this region were sought-after and imported to the Americas for their knowledge of rice cultivation [8], [15], [17]. The current study is the first to test this hypothesis using genetic data. The other African derived groups from the Americas form a separate cluster and are closest to one outlying African group from the Bight of Biafra. Given that Caribbean slave census records collected in the 19th century indicate that many individuals were from the Bight of Biafra, this result appears consistent with historical data".

Y chromosome lineages in men of west African descent - PubMed

The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ∼1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[HarlemHottie]

“The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ∼1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice production was a key industry of many colonial South Carolina low country plantations. Accordingly, rice plantations owners within South Carolina often requested enslaved Africans from the so-called “Grain Coast” of western Africa (Senegal to Sierra Leone). Studies on the African origins of the enslaved within other regions of the Americas have been limited.
[…]
Enslaved Africans came from or through major coastal regions that had been labeled by Europeans as the Grain Coast (consisting of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone and parts of Liberia), Windward Coast (Ivory Coast and Liberia), Gold Coast (Ghana west of the Volta River), Bight of Benin (between the Volta and Benin Rivers), Bight of Biafra (east of the Benin River to Gabon), Central Africa (Gabon, Congo, and Angola), and the southern coast of Africa (from the cape of Good Hope to Cape Delgado, including the island of Madagascar).

In the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries west and west Central Africa were home to a range of societies and cultures of varying social organization from so-called “stateless” (village focused) societies to kingdoms [4], [5], [6]. The Senegambian region, with a long history of technical expertise in rice agriculture and making indigo dye, included a number of ethnic groups [5], [6], and Muslim kingdoms under Mande [7], as well as Fulani rule such as Futa Toro, Futa Jallon, and Bundu [8].

Exactly, so it wasn't even necessary to mention the Tuareg, was my point.

 

[Ish Gibor]

Exactly, so it wasn't even necessary to mention the Tuareg, was my point.

In addition…

The Foulahs of Central Africa, and the African slave trade

An extended discussion about the Fulani (Foulahs) of West Africa as a people who could be enrolled in the effort to stop the slave trade at its source. Deals mostly with Fulani ethnology and language rather than with slavery or the slave trade.

www.loc.gov

So many Nigerians: why is Nigeria overrepresented as the ancestral genetic homeland of Legacy African North Americans?

The genetics of African North Americans are complex amalgamations of various West and Central African peoples with modest gene flow from specific European and Amerindian peoples. A comprehensive understanding of African North American biohistory is a ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Response to Jackson

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[HarlemHottie]

In addition…

The Foulahs of Central Africa, and the African slave trade

An extended discussion about the Fulani (Foulahs) of West Africa as a people who could be enrolled in the effort to stop the slave trade at its source. Deals mostly with Fulani ethnology and language rather than with slavery or the slave trade.

www.loc.gov

So many Nigerians: why is Nigeria overrepresented as the ancestral genetic homeland of Legacy African North Americans?

The genetics of African North Americans are complex amalgamations of various West and Central African peoples with modest gene flow from specific European and Amerindian peoples. A comprehensive understanding of African North American biohistory is a ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Response to Jackson

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

I'll read them, but I just want to confirm, nobody is claiming the Tuareg. We don't have to, we're actually descended from African Muslims.

That’s true, but they were predominantly Tuareg and ethnic groups that aligned with the Tuareg in the Sahara. The Tuareg spread Islam into west Africa. So it’s true that there have been Black Moors. But these people claim to be the direct descendants. They do this with everything. A Black people doesn’t mean one is a direct descendant of that group of people.

Bc you sounding kinda white right here, breh, like we stealing.

 

[Dafunkdoc_Unlimited]

I'll read them, but I just want to confirm, nobody is claiming the Tuareg. We don't have to, we're actually descended from African Muslims.

And Christians.....

​

 

[HarlemHottie]

So many Nigerians: why is Nigeria overrepresented as the ancestral genetic homeland of Legacy African North Americans?

The genetics of African North Americans are complex amalgamations of various West and Central African peoples with modest gene flow from specific European and Amerindian peoples. A comprehensive understanding of African North American biohistory is a ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Response to Jackson

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jackson is right. I was just on wiki earlier. On the 'Genetic History of the Diaspora' page, they literally write "x% African (eg Yoruba). Can every single group of black ppl in the Americas be "African (eg Yoruba)"? Logic tells me no.

Genetic history of the African diaspora - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

(Not like wiki is an amazing source, obviously, but I often start there, at least.)

 

[HarlemHottie]

And Christians.....

​

Ok. But I was addressing a specific point being made.

 

[HarlemHottie]

The Foulahs of Central Africa, and the African slave trade

An extended discussion about the Fulani (Foulahs) of West Africa as a people who could be enrolled in the effort to stop the slave trade at its source. Deals mostly with Fulani ethnology and language rather than with slavery or the slave trade.

www.loc.gov

Oh, that's a whole ass book, cant do it rn. I'm re reading my Cheikh Ante Diop in preparation for this, pre ordered!

Its not embedding right: Ancient Africa: A global History, to 300 AD by Christopher Ehret

(yes, he's white, sadly, but he comes well recommended, plus I'm very excited about tracing the Niger Congo language family like they did Indo European.)