Booker T. Washington papers joining UVA's digital publication program
CHARLOTTESVILLE — Booker T. Washington died 105 years ago, but his ideas, thoughts and memories are virtually alive in 14 volumes at the University of Virginia, thanks to a digital offshoot of the University Press.
Rotunda, the press’ digital label, will publish Washington’s papers under an agreement with the University of Illinois Press, which published the printed version during a 19-year span beginning in 1970.
The papers, which span from 1860 to Washington’s death in 1915, will be searchable and can be used in conjunction with other Rotunda publications in its American History Collection to provide greater context, including the papers of Ulysses S. Grant and Woodrow Wilson.
Washington’s papers will be accessible through universities, libraries and other organizations via subscription.
“If you’re in Senegal, San Francisco or Scottsville, you could have access through a library for these papers,” said Suzanne Morse Moomaw, director of the University Press. “This brings the original words of the author to a global audience. ... It’s a primary resource written by [Washington] over time.”
Moomaw said the digital collection is for use in research and, just as important, as a teaching tool. University Press and Rotunda will be working on curriculum guides for the papers during the summer.
Washington was born to an enslaved woman in 1856 in Hale’s Ford, near Roanoke, and was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation. He and his mother moved to West Virginia to live with his stepfather. There, he taught himself to read and write, worked in the mines and saved enough money to go school at Hampton Institute, now known as Hampton University.
At the age of 25, he was appointed head of what would become the Tuskegee Institute, now Tuskegee University, in Alabama. Under Washington’s lead, the school grew into a major educational center for African Americans.
As the school rose, so did Washington, becoming a player in American politics both in the Black community and white community for his belief in empowering Blacks in the face of increasing social and political sanctions in the post-Civil War South.
The papers include complete correspondence and several published books, as well as documentary material from his time at Hampton Institute and Tuskegee, said David Sewell, manager of digital initiatives for the Rotunda imprint.
The papers also feature correspondence with other Black scholars and leaders of his time, including civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois, who co-founded the NAACP.
Washington’s 1895 Atlanta Exposition speech called for African American investment in industrial education and accumulating wealth as the way to integrate society at large. His position eschewed direct confrontation with whites, even as white-led legislatures passed discriminatory laws.
Washington’s views were criticized by many contemporary Black activists, including Du Bois. Critics believed Washington’s ideas were too slow, too conservative and too accepting of discrimination and segregation.
But Washington’s efforts at education and economic expansion for the African American community won him praise from two presidents. In 1898, President William McKinley declared Washington to be “one of the great leaders of his race.” President Theodore Roosevelt invited Washington to dine at the White House, an event that outraged many white political leaders and won Roosevelt support among Black leaders.
“We’re not the first to put the [Washington] papers online, but our version can be used in conjunction with other papers from the time period to provide a more inclusive look at history through different people,” Sewell said.
“It tells a different story of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and allows us to tell a fuller American story from many different sources,” Moomaw said. “I think it’s a major step forward to make it available. We’re very proud of it.”