America's Most Powerful Black Families

[Sinnerman]

I find reading about wealthy black families from the diaspora fascinating

 

[invalid]

By keeping the family together, establishing a family moral code and culture, and passing your knowledge/skills/wisdom to your seeds, while teaching them everyday the importance of family and legacy.

I'm in the process of creating a Family Crest which will include the symbols of 3 principals I want all of my bloodline to live by first and foremost, surrounding a Sigel that represents the overall character/spirit of my family name.

Its not hard to do, unless you're a selfish muthafukka only concerned with your own carnal pleasures during your short time on this rock, like them #GMB dikk heads.

Got to start somewhere, breh. What are the three principals?

We don’t have a crest or anything but we do have a family saying that was passed down, “Our cup runneth over” - which was taken from the Christian psalms.

 

[SouljaVoy]

No, we don't. It's roughly 35% of AA men who have European y-dna. Still substantial, but a definite minority.

Y Chromosome Lineages in Men of West African Descent

I swear some folks believe any bullshyt lies/fake statistics/fake studies these cacs come out with.

Haven't yall realized these crackers are masters of lies,deception, manipulation, and trickery?

Just like the devil.

 

[Shoog Shatmi]

I swear some folks believe any bullshyt lies/fake statistics/fake studies these cacs come out with.

Haven't yall realized these crackers are masters of lies,deception, manipulation, and trickery?

Just like the devil.

Huh? What sounds "fake" about that study?

I won't say the sky is green just cuz cacs say it's blue.

 

[invalid]

Huh? What sounds "fake" about that study?

I won't say the sky is green just cuz cacs say it's blue.

Buddy said in so many words that he isn’t concerned with data.

Don’t matter what you say it would be fruitless to engage with him at this point.

 

[IllmaticDelta]

The Paul Robeson family, genetic and extended was

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his mother's fam

The Bustill family was an American family of largely African, European and Lenape Native American descent. The family included artists, educators, journalists and activists, both against slavery and against Jim Crow.

Bustill family - Wikipedia

^^his maternal mother, grandfather and aunt

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his aunt

Gertrude Emily Hicks Bustill Mossell (July 3, 1855 – January 21, 1948) was an African-American journalist, author, teacher, and activist.

Gertrude Bustill was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 3, 1855, to Emily Robinson and Charles Hicks Bustill. Born into a prominent African-American family, her great-grandfather, Cyrus Bustill, served in George Washington's troops as a baker. After the American Revolution, he maintained a successful bakery in Philadelphia and co-founded the first black mutual-aid society in America, the Free African Society. Among the many other Bustills of distinction are Gertrude's great-aunt, abolitionist and educator Grace Bustill Douglass and Grace's daughter, activist and artist Sarah Mapps Douglas.[2]

After graduating from Robert Vaux Grammar School, she taught school for several years in Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey.

Simultaneously, Mossell began to develop her voice as a journalist. She served as a writer and editor for several newspapers and magazines, including the A.M.E. Church Review, the Philadelphia Times, the Philadelphia Echo, the Independent, Woman's Era, and Colored American Magazine. She was editor of the woman's department of the New York Age from 1885 to 1889 and of the Indianapolis World from 1891 to 1892.

Though she wrote for both black and white publications throughout her career, Mossell's articles often focused on issues particular to black women. Her nationally syndicated column, "Our Woman's Department," offered practical advice on domestic responsibilities and promoted virtues of frugality and pragmatism. Each one, many of which ran on the front page, began with the following editor's note: "The aim of this column will be to promote true womanhood, especially that of the African race. All success progress or need of our women will be given prompt mention." Readers were invited to write directly to Mossell at her home address.[2]

She also covered a variety of political and social issues, where she used her platform to advocate for racial equality, particularly in the realm of employment. Repeatedly, she urged greater numbers of black women to enter journalism. She was a vocal and unequivocal supporter of woman's suffrage and denounced the myth that women fighting for the vote would remain unmarried. "Give women more power in the government offices if the desire is for peace and prosperity," she wrote.[2]

In 1894, she published The Work of the Afro-American Woman, a collection of eight essays and seventeen poems that recognized the achievements of black women in a range of fields.[1][3] Regarding her decision to publish the work under her married name, scholar Joanne Braxton offers the following explanation: "By this strategy of public modesty, the author signaled her intention to defend and celebrate black womanhood without disrupting the delicate balance of black male-female relations or challenging masculine authority."

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^^her husband

Nathan Francis Mossell (July 27, 1856 – October 27, 1946) was the first African-American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1882. He did post-graduate training at hospitals in Philadelphia and London. In 1888, he was the first black physician elected as member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society in Pennsylvania. He helped found the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School in West Philadelphia in 1895, which he led as chief-of-staff and medical director until he retired in 1933.

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his brother

Aaron Albert Mossell II (1863 - February 1, 1951) was the first African-American to graduate from the University of Pennsylvania Law School.

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robeson's blood cousin

Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander (January 2, 1898 – November 1, 1989), was the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in economics in the United States (1921), and the first woman to receive a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. She was the first African-American woman to practice law in Pennsylvania.[1] She was the first national president of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, serving from 1919 to 1923.[2][3]

In 1946 she was appointed to the President's Committee on Civil Rights established by Harry Truman. She was the first African-American woman appointed as Assistant City Solicitor for the City of Philadelphia. She and her husband were both active in civil rights. In 1952 she was appointed to the city's Commission on Human Relations, serving through 1968. She was President of John F. Kennedy Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law (1963).

Sadie Tanner Mossell was born on January 2, 1898 in Philadelphia to Aaron Albert Mossell II and Mary Louisa Tanner (1867-?).

Her maternal grandfather was Benjamin Tucker Tanner (1835–1923), a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) and editor of the Christian Recorder. Bishop Tanner and his wife had seven children, including Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859–1937), who became a noted painter, and Hallie Tanner Johnson, a physician who established the Nurses' School and Hospital at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.[4]

Her father, Aaron Albert Mossell II (1863-1951), was the first African-American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Law and practiced as a lawyer in Philadelphia. In 1899, when his daughter Sadie was 1 year old, he abandoned his family and moved to Wales.[8] Her uncle, Nathan Francis Mossell (1856–1946) was the first African-American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.[4]

Mossell Alexander's siblings include Aaron Albert Mossell III (1893–1975), who became a pharmacist; and Elizabeth Mossell (1894–1975), who became a Dean of Women at Virginia State College, a historically black college.[4]

During her high school years, Mossell lived in Washington, DC with her uncle, Lewis Baxter Moore, who was dean at Howard University.

On November 29, 1923, Sadie Tanner Mossell married Raymond Pace Alexander (1897–1974) in her parents' home on Diamond Street in North Philadelphia, with the ceremony performed by her father. Alexander, the son of slaves, grew up in Philadelphia. He attended and graduated from Central High School (1917, valedictorian), Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1920), and Harvard Law School (1923). At the time of this marriage, he had established a law practice in Philadelphia.

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her mother

Mary Louise Tanner

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her uncle

Born in Huntsville, Alabama Lewis Baxter Moore (1866-1928) earned a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree at Fisk University. In 1896 he became the first African-American to earn a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Pennsylvania, with a dissertation on “The Stage in Sophocles.” He taught Latin, pedagogy, psychology, philosophy and education at Howard University, until 1899, then he joined the university’s administration as the Dean of Howard’s Teachers’ College.

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her aunt

Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson (17 October 1864 – 26 April 1901) was the first woman to be licensed as a physician in Alabama.

Early years
Johnson was born Halle Tanner in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the oldest daughter of Benjamin Tucker Tanner and Sarah Elizabeth Tanner, who were prominent figures in the local African-American community. Benjamin was a minister at the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Pittsburgh, and Halle worked with him to publish the Christian Recorder, a publication of the church.[1]

In 1886, she married Charles Dillon, who died shortly after they had a child two years later. Johnson, then Halle Dillon, returned home to her family and entered the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, graduating with honors in 1891.[1]

Around the time of her graduation, Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, had written to the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, seeking an African-American physician. Dillon accepted the offer soon after her graduation.[1]

 

[IllmaticDelta]

cont

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her grandfather

Benjamin Tucker Tanner (December 25, 1835 – January 14, 1923) was an African American clergyman and editor. He served as a Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church from 1886, and founded the Christian Recorder (see Early American Methodist newspapers), an important early African American newspaper.

He was born to Hugh and Isabella Tanner in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied for five years at Avery College, paying his expenses by working as a barber.[1] As a student in Pittsburgh, his classmates included Jeremiah A. Brown, Thomas Morris Chester, and James T. Bradford.[2]

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her nephew/his son

Henry Ossawa Tanner (June 21, 1859 – May 25, 1937) was an American artist and the first African-American painter to gain international acclaim.[1] Tanner moved to Paris, France, in 1891 to study, and continued to live there after being accepted in French artistic circles.[2] His painting entitled Daniel in the Lions' Den was accepted into the 1896 Salon,[3] the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

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her husband

Raymond Pace Alexander (October 13, 1897 – November 24, 1974) was a civil rights leader, lawyer, politician, and the first African American judge appointed to the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas. After graduation from Harvard Law School in 1923, Alexander became one of the leading civil rights attorneys in Philadelphia. He represented black defendants in high-profile cases, including the Trenton Six, a group of black men arrested for murder in Trenton, New Jersey. Alexander also entered the political realm, running for judge several times before being elected to a seat on the Philadelphia City Council in 1951. After two terms in that office, Alexander was appointed to the Court of Common Pleas, where he served until his death in 1974.

Legal career
Alexander graduated from Harvard Law in 1923. That same year, he married his former Penn classmate Sadie Tanner Mossell. Mossell was the granddaughter of Benjamin Tucker Tanner and in 1927 would become the first black woman to earn a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania.[12] They would have two daughters, Rae and Mary.[13] He passed the Pennsylvania bar exam in 1923, becoming one of a few black lawyers in the state.[14] Despite his credentials, Alexander had difficulty finding a job in Philadelphia after graduation. Ultimately, he took a position in the law office of John R.K. Scott, a white Republican former Congressman with a small office in the city.[15] Shortly thereafter, he opened his own office with a focus on representing black people.[15]

He soon rose to prominence in Philadelphia's black community. In 1924, he represented Louise Thomas, a black woman accused of murdering a black policeman. After she was convicted and sentenced to death, Alexander secured her a new trial at which she was found not guilty, a first in Pennsylvania legal history.[16] That same year, he filed an anti-discrimination lawsuit against a movie theater owner in Philadelphia who refused admission to black ticketholders. He lost the case, but it nonetheless raised his profile as a black lawyer willing to fight for equal rights.[17] Around this time, Alexander began to identify with the black intellectual "New Negro" movement, which advocated self-help, racial pride, and protest against injustice.[18] He also joined the National Bar Association (NBA), an association of black lawyers that had formed when its founding members were denied membership in the American Bar Association. Through the NBA, Alexander began to use political protest as well as legal action in the struggle for equal rights.[19] His firm, which now included his wife and Maceo W. Hubbard, relocated to a new building at 19th and Chestnut Streets.[20][21]

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paul robeson wife

Eslanda "Essie" Cardozo Goode Robeson (December 15, 1895 – December 13, 1965) was an American anthropologist, author, actor and civil rights activist. She was the wife and business manager of singer and actor Paul Robeson.

slanda Cardozo Goode was born in Washington, DC, on December 15, 1895,[1] descended from enslaved Africans. Her paternal great-grandfather was a Sephardic Jew whose family was expelled from Spain in the 17th century.[2] Her maternal grandfather was Francis Lewis Cardozo, the first Black treasurer of South Carolina. Her father, John Goode, was a law clerk in the War Department who later finished his law degree at Howard University. Eslanda had two older brothers, John Jr. and Francis.

Eslanda attended the University of Illinois and later graduated from Columbia University in New York with a B. S. degree in chemistry. She first became politically active during her years at Columbia, when her own interest in racial equality was reinforced by young intellectuals in New York.[3] When then she started to work at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, she soon became the head histological chemist of Surgical Pathology, the first Black person to hold such a position.[2]

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her maternal grandfather

Francis Lewis Cardozo (February 1, 1836 – July 22, 1903) was an American clergyman, politician, and educator. When elected in South Carolina as Secretary of State in 1868, he was the first African American to hold a statewide office in the United States.

Born free during the slavery time in Charleston, South Carolina to a mother who was a free woman of color and a Sephardic Jewish father, Cardozo gained his higher education in Scotland. He served as a minister in New Haven, Connecticut, before returning to South Carolina in 1865 with the American Missionary Association to establish schools for freedmen after the Civil War.

After working in South Carolina during Reconstruction, Cardozo received an appointment in 1878 at the Department of Treasury in Washington, DC. Later he served twelve years as principal of a major public high school, and lived in the capital for the rest of his life.

Educator
In 1884, Cardozo returned to education as a principal of the Colored Preparatory High School in Washington, DC.[3][2] He introduced a business curriculum and made it a leading school for African Americans. He served as principal until 1896.

Cardozo was a distant relative of former United States Supreme Court Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo.[4] Francis's granddaughter, Eslanda Cardozo Goode, married renowned singer and political activist Paul Robeson.

Legacy and honors
In 1928, the Department of Business Practice was reorganized as a high school in Northwest Washington, DC and named Cardozo Senior High School in Francis Cardozo's honor.[5]

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her maternal great uncle/his brother

Thomas W. Cardozo 1838-1881. Cardozo was born in Charleston, SC, to a freeborn African American and a Jewish Journalist. After he was married, he moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi, where he became involved in building up the education, economics, and political power of African Americans in Mississippi. He was the first African American to serve as superintendent of education for the state of Mississippi. As state superintendent, he was interested in the education of all children even though the public schools were segregated. The statewide adoption of uniform textbooks was a reform that he supported. After serving as state superintendent, he moved to massachusetts where he died in 1881.

there is a host of other members that I didn't post

 

[invalid]

there is a host of other members that I didn't post

a WHOLE lot you didn’t post.

just ridiculous the amount of drive and ambition that family and it’s collateral lines had.

I didn’t realize Paul Robeson was connected to the Mossells and Tanners.

I’m going to extend the family by a few more as they are connected to Chicago’s Supreme Liberty Life Insurance, where John H. Johnson launched his career.
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Maudelle Tanner Brown Bousfield

Maudelle Tanner Brown was born June 1, 1885, in St. Louis to Charles Brown, a longtime St. Louis public school teacher and principal. Her mother, Arrena Isabella Tanner, was also an educator, her uncle Benjamin Tanner was a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and her first cousin Henry Tanner was a noted painter.

A musical prodigy, Maudelle Tanner Brown became the first black woman accepted to St. Louis' Charles Kunkel Conservatory of Music, which she attended while in high school.

She was the first black woman to enroll at the University of Illinois in 1903 and in three years became the first black woman to graduate, majoring in mathematics and astronomy.

After graduation, Maudelle Brown taught school in East St. Louis, Baltimore and St. Louis. In 1914, she married Midian Bousfield, a physician in Kansas City who had received his medical degree from Northwestern University.

The coupled moved to Chicago, where Midian Bousfield practiced medicine.

A timeline of Maudelle’s achievements:

1903 — Graduates from Charles Kunkel Conservatory of Music in St. Louis; was first African-American student admitted.

1906 — Receives bachelor's degree in mathematics and astronomy, with honors, from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; first African-American woman to attend UI and first to graduate.

1914 — Marries Midian Othello Bousfield.

1920 — Receives bachelor's degree from Mendelssohn Conservatory of Music, Chicago.

1922 — Starts teaching math at Wendell Phillips High School, Chicago.

1926 — Becomes Chicago's first African-American dean at Wendell Phillips.

1927 — Becomes Chicago's first African-American principal at Keith Elementary School.

1929-1931 — Serves as 6th Supreme Basileus (National President) of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

1931 — Obtains master's degree from UI-Chicago; becomes principal at Stephan A. Douglas Elementary School, Chicago.

1939 — Becomes principal at Wendell Phillips High School; Becomes first black principal of a multiracial school.

1950 — Retires; writes weekly column for Chicago Defender; hosts radio talk show for women, "Maudelle Bousfield Chats."

1965 — Inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.

2012 — University of Illinois names Bousfield Hall in her honor.

Bousfield Family at Maudelle’s naming ceremony at the University of Illinois.
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Maudelle’s Husband

Midian Othello Bousfield

Physician and businessman Dr. Midian Othello Bousfield was a leader in Chicago’s insurance industry. His diverse career included work in medicine and in the military, advocating for African American health care and for the training of black medical personnel. He was the first black person promoted to the rank of colonel in the Army Medical Corps while commanding the Army’s all-African American hospital, an appointment that was marred by controversy amid criticism that he was contributing to segregationist policies.

Bousfield was born on August 22, 1885 in Tipton, Missouri to Willard Hayman Bousfield, a barber and businessman, and Cornelia Catherine Gilbert Bousfield. The family moved to Kansas City, Missouri, and after high school Midian Bousfield graduated from the University of Kansas in 1907 with a bachelor of arts degree. He then entered medical school at Northwestern University in Chicago where he earned an M.D. in 1909. The following year Bousfield began working as an intern at Howard University’s Freedman’s Hospital in Washington, D.C. and then worked briefly in Kansas City.

In 1914 he met and married Maudelle Tanner Brown, a public school teacher from St. Louis. The couple moved to Chicago where Midian Bousfield accepted a job as secretary of the Railway Men’s International Benevolent Association, an African American railroad union that later became the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. After the birth of their daughter, his wife Maudelle taught in the Chicago Public Schools and became its first African American principal in 1928.

In 1919 Midian Bousfield left the union to become one of the founders of Liberty Life Insurance Company headquartered in Chicago. Bousfield was the medical director and later president of Liberty Life. In 1929 he helped engineer the merger of Liberty Life and two other black insurance companies, Supreme Life of Columbus, Ohio and Northeastern Life of Newark, New Jersey. Bousfield became the Vice President and medical director of the combined firm, Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Company.

Bousfield spent much of the remainder of his career developing and improving health care and medical training opportunities for African Americans. As director of Negro Health Division for the Julius Rosenwald Fund, he helped finance the education of numerous future black physicians and nurses. Bousfield also was responsible for developing the Infantile Paralysis Unit at Tuskegee Institute and a similar facility at Provident Hospital in Chicago. From 1933 to 1934 he was president of the National Medical Association (NMA), an organization of black physicians across the nation. In 1939 Bousfield was appointed the first African American member of the Chicago Board of Education.

Three years later in 1942 Bousfield was selected to command the U.S Army’s Station Hospital, the first all-African American hospital in Fort Huachuca, Arizona. The hospital served the 14,000 black women and men stationed at the fort in training for combat in World War II. However, the National Medical Association considered the hospital to be segregationist, and the NMA censured its former president for contributing to separatist policies. Nonetheless, Bousfield earned the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and retired in 1945 as the Medical Corp’s first African American colonel.

 

[IllmaticDelta]

a WHOLE lot you didn’t post.

just ridiculous the amount of drive and ambition that family and it’s collateral lines had.

there's too many to post

I didn’t realize Paul Robeson was connected to the Mossells and Tanners.

alot of them old prominent black pennsylvania fams were connected

I’m going to extend the family by a few more as they are connected to Chicago’s Supreme Liberty Life Insurance, where John H. Johnson launched his career.
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Maudelle Tanner Brown Bousfield

Maudelle Tanner Brown was born June 1, 1885, in St. Louis to Charles Brown, a longtime St. Louis public school teacher and principal. Her mother, Arrena Isabella Tanner, was also an educator, her uncle Benjamin Tanner was a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and her first cousin Henry Tanner was a noted painter.

A musical prodigy, Maudelle Tanner Brown became the first black woman accepted to St. Louis' Charles Kunkel Conservatory of Music, which she attended while in high school.

She was the first black woman to enroll at the University of Illinois in 1903 and in three years became the first black woman to graduate, majoring in mathematics and astronomy.

After graduation, Maudelle Brown taught school in East St. Louis, Baltimore and St. Louis. In 1914, she married Midian Bousfield, a physician in Kansas City who had received his medical degree from Northwestern University.

The coupled moved to Chicago, where Midian Bousfield practiced medicine.

A timeline of Maudelle’s achievements:

1903 — Graduates from Charles Kunkel Conservatory of Music in St. Louis; was first African-American student admitted.

1906 — Receives bachelor's degree in mathematics and astronomy, with honors, from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; first African-American woman to attend UI and first to graduate.

1914 — Marries Midian Othello Bousfield.

1920 — Receives bachelor's degree from Mendelssohn Conservatory of Music, Chicago.

1922 — Starts teaching math at Wendell Phillips High School, Chicago.

1926 — Becomes Chicago's first African-American dean at Wendell Phillips.

1927 — Becomes Chicago's first African-American principal at Keith Elementary School.

1929-1931 — Serves as 6th Supreme Basileus (National President) of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

1931 — Obtains master's degree from UI-Chicago; becomes principal at Stephan A. Douglas Elementary School, Chicago.

1939 — Becomes principal at Wendell Phillips High School; Becomes first black principal of a multiracial school.

1950 — Retires; writes weekly column for Chicago Defender; hosts radio talk show for women, "Maudelle Bousfield Chats."

1965 — Inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.

2012 — University of Illinois names Bousfield Hall in her honor.

Bousfield Family at Maudelle’s naming ceremony at the University of Illinois.
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Maudelle’s Husband

Midian Othello Bousfield

Physician and businessman Dr. Midian Othello Bousfield was a leader in Chicago’s insurance industry. His diverse career included work in medicine and in the military, advocating for African American health care and for the training of black medical personnel. He was the first black person promoted to the rank of colonel in the Army Medical Corps while commanding the Army’s all-African American hospital, an appointment that was marred by controversy amid criticism that he was contributing to segregationist policies.

Bousfield was born on August 22, 1885 in Tipton, Missouri to Willard Hayman Bousfield, a barber and businessman, and Cornelia Catherine Gilbert Bousfield. The family moved to Kansas City, Missouri, and after high school Midian Bousfield graduated from the University of Kansas in 1907 with a bachelor of arts degree. He then entered medical school at Northwestern University in Chicago where he earned an M.D. in 1909. The following year Bousfield began working as an intern at Howard University’s Freedman’s Hospital in Washington, D.C. and then worked briefly in Kansas City.

In 1914 he met and married Maudelle Tanner Brown, a public school teacher from St. Louis. The couple moved to Chicago where Midian Bousfield accepted a job as secretary of the Railway Men’s International Benevolent Association, an African American railroad union that later became the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. After the birth of their daughter, his wife Maudelle taught in the Chicago Public Schools and became its first African American principal in 1928.

In 1919 Midian Bousfield left the union to become one of the founders of Liberty Life Insurance Company headquartered in Chicago. Bousfield was the medical director and later president of Liberty Life. In 1929 he helped engineer the merger of Liberty Life and two other black insurance companies, Supreme Life of Columbus, Ohio and Northeastern Life of Newark, New Jersey. Bousfield became the Vice President and medical director of the combined firm, Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Company.

Bousfield spent much of the remainder of his career developing and improving health care and medical training opportunities for African Americans. As director of Negro Health Division for the Julius Rosenwald Fund, he helped finance the education of numerous future black physicians and nurses. Bousfield also was responsible for developing the Infantile Paralysis Unit at Tuskegee Institute and a similar facility at Provident Hospital in Chicago. From 1933 to 1934 he was president of the National Medical Association (NMA), an organization of black physicians across the nation. In 1939 Bousfield was appointed the first African American member of the Chicago Board of Education.

Three years later in 1942 Bousfield was selected to command the U.S Army’s Station Hospital, the first all-African American hospital in Fort Huachuca, Arizona. The hospital served the 14,000 black women and men stationed at the fort in training for combat in World War II. However, the National Medical Association considered the hospital to be segregationist, and the NMA censured its former president for contributing to separatist policies. Nonetheless, Bousfield earned the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and retired in 1945 as the Medical Corp’s first African American colonel.

never ran across them before

 

[invalid]

alot of them old prominent black pennsylvania fams were connected

Not just Pennsylvania, the entire eastern seaboard. The amount of endogamy that was practiced is actually incredible to the point that there is only one or two degrees of separation between most east coast, midwest, and southern establishment families.

It’s crazy when you think about it. Reminiscent of how all of Europe has been ruled by offshoots of the same royal family.

My great grand married into the Shadds of Delaware and they are another east coast family that has a dizzying pedigree.

 

[Lucky_Lefty]

Y'all are easily impressed by anything

 

[UncleTomFord15]

So Johnson and Lewis started feuding because Lewis took his spot as that "black guy" on the Forbes list ? Am I understanding this correctly? Sounds c00nish...

 

[invalid]

So Johnson and Lewis started feuding because Lewis took his spot as that "black guy" on the Forbes list ? Am I understanding this correctly? Sounds c00nish...

Hmm...can’t really say it was c00nish. It was competitiveness definitely but probably more of a territorial thing. Johnson enjoyed being listed as the wealthiest black man in America. Lewis threatened to take that title from him. Johnson wanted to be top dog. Think about it in terms of boxing like Frazier and Ali or Ali and Foreman.

 

[get these nets]

Preview of Boss-The Black Experience in Business

 

[get these nets]

@ab.aspectus

Can you explain to me the difference between being an artist and an entertainer in the social circles detailed in this thread? Entertainers, or those who has acquired wealth by being entertainers were not welcome in the circle, from what I've read. I also read that those who worked in the entertainment industry were also not welcome. There seemed to be a different set of rules applied to "artists", though....poets, painters,etc.
How rigid or flexible were these rules?

Was John Johnson considered being in the entertainment industry? (as a publisher)
Robeson was certainly a professional entertainer (among other things)

You mentioned Ms. Rice's daughter possibly being an artist. I've seen children of wealthy families steered in that direction. I joke that those are the kids who wouldn't cut it as professionals...and the "artist" occupation gives them a socially acceptable job. I was confused about the line between being an artist/entertainer.
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