Saracen was a term widely used among Christian writers in Europe during the
Middle Ages. The term's meaning evolved during its history. In the early centuries AD, Greek and Latin writings used this term to refer to the people who lived in desert areas in and near the
Roman province of Arabia, and who were specifically distinguished as a people from others known as
Arabs.
[1][2] In Europe during the
Early Medieval era, the term came to be associated with
Arab tribes as well.
[3] By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in Medieval Latin literature. Such expansion in the meaning of the term had begun centuries earlier among the
Byzantine Greeks, as evidenced in documents from the 8th century.
[1][4][5] In the Western languages before the 16th century, "Saracen" was commonly used to refer to Muslim Arabs, and the words "Muslim" and "Islam" were generally not used (with a few isolated exceptions).
[6]