Ra was thought to travel on the
Atet, two
solar barques called the
Mandjet (the Boat of Millions of Years) or morning-boat and the
Mesektet or evening-boat.
[7] These boats took him on his journey through the sky and the
Duat – twelve hours of night which is also the literal underworld of Egypt. While Ra was on the
Mesektet, he was in his ram-headed form.
[7] When Ra traveled in his sun-boat, he was accompanied by various other deities including
Sia (perception) and
Hu (command), as well as
Heka (magic power). Sometimes, members of the
Ennead helped him on his journey, including
Set, who overcame the serpent
Apophis, and
Mehen, who defended against the
monsters of the underworld. When Ra was in the underworld, he would visit all of his various forms.
[7]
Apophis, the god of chaos (
isfet), was an enormous
serpent who attempted to stop the sun-boat's journey every night by consuming it or by stopping it in its tracks with a hypnotic stare. During the evening, the Egyptians believed that Ra set as
Atum or in the form of a ram. The night boat would carry him through the underworld and back towards the east in preparation for his rebirth. These myths of Ra represented the sun rising as the rebirth of the sun by the sky-goddess Nut; thus attributing the concept of rebirth and renewal to Ra and strengthening his role as a creator god as well.
[8]
When Ra was in the underworld, he merged with
Osiris, the god of the dead.