Yo my dude, like WTF!???? You're randomly throwing in arguments I NEVER even bought up...
Who the f*ck mentioned anything about Europeans conquering North Africa??? Again you're randomly throwing in sh*t.
A simple Google search would show you this...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mali_Empire#The_Portuguese
And like I said there were no true powerful Berber kingdom's besides the Almoravids. Like said Arabs and Berbers were under the thumb of Western Sudanic kingdoms like Ghana, Mali and Songhai. Since those Western Sudanic kingdoms CONTROLLED the Saharan trade, which the Berbers and Arabs did not.
Here's another good example:
P. 43 According to Ibn Sa’id,
Berbers did NOT get their way in the Sahara.
A Trans Sahara Trade during the Roman period is myth that is no longer accepted by historians.
Do you even have proof that the Ghana Empire traded slaves to the Vandals. You guys keep bringing up slavery. Okay? Almost every state in history was involved in slavery, but the point is "slaves" were the blowest commodities of exportation from those Sudanic kingdoms like Ghana and Mali. They mostly exported Gold and salt. Which is why we know this:
-
Africa from the Seventh to Eleventh Century, UNESCO, 1988
For the millionth time, there was NEVER any large volume of black slaves exported from the Saharan trade; until later around the 19th century, which was AFTER the Moors. Stop bringing up tired arguments.
Who the hell dismissed such things?????
Um...Yeah they were.
Here's how the Vikings described the North African Moors:
- Cambridge Medieval History
But more importantly, "With the exception of the bedouins, who were not part of the permanent military organization of the state, the Fatimid army was largely an infantry force composed of blacks. (
Nasir-i Khusrau included the Masamida among the blacks)." -
Yaacov Lev, "State and Society in Fatimid Egypt", 1987, pp 94
The "Masamida" were the MAIN "North African" Berber group of the Moors(they were literally the Moors), they were BLACK just as my source suggest:
Fatimid infantry included "
sudani or 'black' African and even Masmuda Berbers from the western Sahara ..." - See David Nicholle's
The Third Crusade 1191: Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and the Struggle for ... - David Nicolle - Google Books
Fatimid infantry consisted of "
20,000 Moroccans (Masmudi Berbers), 30,000 Sudanese, 10,000 'easterners..." - Terrence Wise,
The Wars of the Crusades, 1096-1291, 1974, pp 52
Ha!
What are you talking about???
No one is dismissing this. What I am saying is that there is no evidence to suggest there were large volumes of slaves being exported from the Sahel until later periods.
No sh*t? Who said I was arguing that??? I was arguing the opposite. And E-M81 has ROOTS in East Africa like the Berber language and people do. So the people carrying that clade would have been no different from "black Africans".
Evidence?
Simple research would tell you prior to the 14th/15th century that Moors soley meant people with "black skin". Arabs were not included as Moors until later times.
http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/8th-c-al-andalus-invasion/default_134.aspx
Saracens was a general Muslim term and sometimes called Saracens. Moor was exclusive to BLACKS. The word "Moor" PREDATES Muslims and was meant to just mean the black people of Africa by the Romans. Heck we already know there were internal struggles between the Berbers(Moors) and various other Arab/Syrian/Spanish Muslim. So how the hell wasn't there a distinction.
Research try it.