our 2 periods of prosperity came under the white man ( U.S occupation frm 1919 to 1934) and dictatorship (under papa doc duvalier frm 1954 to 1973 i think)...my mom was born in 1953 so she was raised under the papa doc regime...she said thats the only time in her life she remember port-au-prince being trash free...streeta clean, decent jobs, virtually no crime...
YOU ARE SO fukkING IGNORANT ITS NOT EVEN FUNNY
WHY DID YOU EVEN OPEN YOUR GOD DAMN MOUTH....
CORRECTION
US OCCUPATION OF HAITI -
July 28, 1915-August 1, 1934
François Duvalier presidency-
October 22 1957 – April 21 1971[ died holding office]
OFFICIAL HISTORY 'PAPA DOC'S' REGIME[WIKI + OTHER SOURCES]
François Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971.[3]
He was elected president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform and successfully thwarted a coup d’état in 1958. His rule, based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the Tonton Macoute, and the use of cult of personality,
resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians and the exile of many more.[3]
Prior to his rule, Duvalier, who was a physician by profession, was known for successfully fighting diseases and acquired the nickname “Papa Doc”.
He took the title of President for Life in 1964 and remained in power until he died in 1971. He was succeeded by his son, Jean‑Claude, who was nicknamed “Baby Doc”.[4]
IF HAITIANS COULDN'T HANDLE DEMOCRACY HOW THE fukk DID DUVALIER GET ELECTED TO OFFICE
BY THE PEOPLEGENIUS?
ARE YOU PART OF THOSE STUPID PEOPLE THAT CANT HANDLE DEMOCRACY?
YOU CANT EVEN HANDLE BASIC HISTORICAL FACTS BUT YOU WANNA BASH THE PEOPLE?
CAUSE YOUR MOTHER TOLD YOU SOME STUPID shyt THAT MEANS THE REST OF US HAVE TO BUY IT
TOO?
YOU COULD HAVE 'WIKIED UP' YOUR OWN DAMN HISTORY BEFORE RUNNING YOUR DAMN MOUTH OR CHECKED THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS...BUT YOU WANTED TO SPEW YOUR DAMN IGNORANT OPINION BASED OFF OF FILTHY EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS...NO FACTS BUT IGNORANT fukkKERY...
fukk YOU....IGNORANT ELITIST SWINE MAGGOT
REAL LEGACY OF THAT FCKTARD DUVALIER
Francois Duvalier
Haiti 1957-1971
Origins
- During his childhood, Haiti was in a period of political unrest
- Came to age under a US Marine Occupation
- Young adulthood was a period of Mulâtrification, political dominance by light skinned
persons similar to the situation that occurred within South Africa, (minority ruled the
majority)
- Duvalier was noirs, of African descent, apart of the racial majority
- His family was Middle to Lower Class
- They were not wealthy but more affluent then majority of Haitian households
- Duvalier graduated from the prestigious Lycée Pétion (high school) in 1928
- Duvalier obtained Medical Degree in 1934 under a US supported program to fund his
education
- He was interested in Anthropology, History, and Politics
- He suffered from poverty and professional frustration 1934- 1943
- Francois found Employment in a US funded program 1943
- Won a fellowship to study in the US at the University of Michigan
- Performed poorly at Michigan and returned to Haiti without the master’s degree
Ideology
- Found a movement of Intellectuals known as the Groupe des Griots which focused on the conservation of traditional beliefs and practices
- V owed to repudiate the Europeanized elite
- Affiliated to Noirisme, characterized by a preference for blackness, a sympathy for
Peasant traditions and practices and a resentment of foreign influences
- Took first political role under President Dumarsias Estimé, Duvalier’s math professor in
high school.
- Dumarsias filled governmental positions with Noirs.
- Duvalier became the director of public health and later minister of public health and labor
- Quickly abandoned this position in 1950 and returned to his public health work in
countryside because of a change in the head of state.
- Went into hiding as the political regime became more repressive and remained there for
two years
- In 1956, following the fall of the repressive dictator, Duvalier resurfaced and became
heavily involved with the Haitian politics
- Presidential elections, in which Duvalier was a candidate were called
- September 22, 1957 he was elected to a six year term as president of Haiti in a clean
election by Haiti standards.
- Around the same time the Haitian voters returned a pro-Duvalier majority to the
legislature
- In 1961, Duvalier completed his rise to power by unconstitutionally “re-electing” himself
as President for another term
- In 1964, 1 year after his original end to his presidency, Duvalier moved to suspend
elections and be proclaimed president-for-life and was approved by the people and legislature
- In 1971 Duvalier called for an amendment to allow for the passing of the presidency through hereditary means to his son.
Base of Support
- Known to friend and foe alike as “Papa Doc”
- Long personal involvement in rural public health campaigns won him affection of the
thousands of peasant in which he treated.
- Won him respect a home and abroad and accounted for the image of Papa Doc, the
beneficent “country doctor”
- Had strong support among the poor blacks primarily the countryside peasantry
- Noiriste affiliation was very attractive to the once oppressed racial majority
- Maintained Power through force because he believed that a certain level of ruthlessness
was needed if a Haitian president hoped to remain in power for a long period of time.
- His goal of his regime became strictly survival based
- Campaigned under national reconciliation and reconstruction
- Utilized and implemented language and symbols from the average Haitian’s culture to
strengthen his popularity
Use of Propaganda
- Duvalier said, “My government will guarantee the excise of liberty to all Haitians.”
- Promised the people that the new Haitian constitution “would embody the principles
which define evolutionary species”
- Blamed the suspension of the Constitution and the other special measures on the
followers of his opposition
Treatment of Opposition
- During his election campaign Papa Doc directed a covert program of bombings and political sabotage against chief opponents.
- As President he quickly and mercilessly neutralized all sources of potential resistance
- The groups categorized has opposition to Duvalier’s regime were the labor unions,
Roman Catholic Church, and the Haitian Army.
- Persecuted Academy-trained officers and purged them from the armed forces
- Eventually shut down the military academy and starved the army of all necessities.
- Created own secret police, Tonton Macoutes and created a more elite force entitled
Macoutes.
- The Macoutes were the main executors of the repressive actions of the public
- Political violence was quite common in Haiti but Duvalier progressed above all accepted
limits in his political repressive actions
- Common Practices of the Macoutes were; Vandalism, Beating, Involuntary exile,
imprisonment without charge, torture, death, and disappearance
- By 1966, most opposition was dead, imprisoned, or exiled.
- The repressive policies fell hard on the professionals and technocrats
- There is no opposition press
Treatment of Minorities
- Kept his black countrymen in hopeless poverty and ignorance
- He favored individuals with predominantly African ancestry, Noirs, for public office
- He removed many of the Mulâtres, persons of mixed African and European descent the
racial minority, from public office
Political and Economical Policies
- Had no program for improving life in Haiti
- Regime did nothing material for peasantry
- To avoid the political chaos that occurred during the transition between heads of state,
Duvalier moved to make the presidency hereditary
- In 1971, Duvalier chose Jean-Claude, 19 year old son. The Haitian people ratified this
choice
- Never had complete dictatorial control
- Never suspended the legislative body
- Created a secret police and an elite secret police to protect himself and his regime
- Duvalier appointed a Secretary of State for Tourism
- Approved contracts for a new hotel, airport, shopping center, new housing, flour mills,
and expansion of the banana industry
- Haiti’s legislature suspended constitutional guarantees and provided the government
emergency powers in 1958
- Legislature permitted Duvalier to rule by decree for six months in July of 1958
- Appeared to have done little to improve his country well being
- The rich and empowered persons of Haiti became richer and the poor and oppressed
peasants became poorer.
Regional and Foreign Impact
- One of the most controversial, ruthless dictators of the Caribbean
- Strong American Influence due to the 19 year occupation where many reforms were
introduced through force
- At the beginning of his rule optimism was felt both abroad and around the nation
regarding Haiti’s future
- His military police and the elite police’s actions created a climate of terror in Haiti.
- Duvalier never traveled abroad and rarely around his own nation after becoming
president
- Never hosted any state dinners.
- Throughout his entire regime only received one head of state, which stayed for less than a
day.
- The 1961 re-election of Duvalier angered many foreign powers to the point of
intervention:
o TheAmericanGovernment
withdrew all US ran programs
Moved Navy fleet toward Haiti capital costal city of Port-au-Prince The US suspended all diplomatic relations
o DominicanRepublic
Threatened to invade Haiti
o OrganizationofAmericanStates
Sent a fact-finding mission to Haiti
- After mid-1960’s foreign relations and diplomacy with foreign powers improved.
- In 1969, Duvalier claimed open US support
- Cuba, under Fidel Castro, harbored Haitian refugees
- General, Rafaek Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic and arch foe of Castro,
feared a Cuban invasion through Haiti
- This concern led to the Dominican Republic meddling in Haitian affairs.
- The nations economy was largely dependent on agriculture and tourism
o Main agricultural exports;sugar,coffee,sisal,cacao,cotton,cabinet wood
- Recipients of exports were the US and France
- Received financial support for the economic improvements mainly from American
industrialists and French lumber factories
- Without aid from the International Monetary Fund and the Export-Import Bank Haiti
would be without money
Bibliography
"Duvalier, Francois." Obituary from Current Biography (accessed March 4, 2010).
"Duvalier, Francois." Biography from Current Biography (1958) (accessed March 4, 2010). "Francois Duvalier." Historic World Leaders (1994) (accessed March 3, 2010).
"Francois Duvalier." Encyclopedia of World Biography 17, (1998) (accessed March 3, 2010). Abbott, Elizabeth. Haiti the Duvaliers and their Legacy. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991. Turits, Richard Lee. "Duvalier, Francois." (2010).
Weinstein, Brian and Aaron Segal. Haiti: The Failure of Politics. New York: Praeger, 1992.
just like i thought 
A lot of this is new to me tbh.
.
saying the white man had a hand in our demise is oversimplifying it...the people elect leaders who aint shyt so they are to blame for the current situation...we cant handle democracy...our 2 periods of prosperity came under the white man ( U.S occupation frm 1919 to 1934) and dictatorship (under papa doc duvalier frm 1954 to 1973 i think)...my mom was born in 1953 so she was raised under the papa doc regime...she said thats the only time in her life she remember port-au-prince being trash free...streeta clean, decent jobs, virtually no crime...we seemed to have went backwards with time...cant blame the white man for that...as recent as last month, we getting ready for a civil war cause, once again, the people are just idiots...
why im not surprised? Aristide wanted to stop foreign aid so we can eat dirt patties 
...aeven clowns can get elected sometimes, hence george bush...my grandma lived in jacmel till she was 97 years old, mom morn in the early 50s, they can literally give you a oral history of haiti frm the past 100 years 
HUH 
