John Mercer Langston (December 14, 1829 – November 15, 1897) was an
abolitionist,
attorney, educator, activist, diplomat, and politician in the United States. An African American, he became the first dean of the law school at
Howard University and helped create the department. He was the first president of what is now
Virginia State University, a
historically black college.
Born a
free black in Virginia to a
freedwoman of mixed race and a white planter father, in 1888 Langston was elected to the
U.S. Congress as the first representative of color from
Virginia.
Joseph Hayne Rainey, the black Republican congressman from South Carolina, had been elected in 1870 during the
Reconstruction era.
Langston's early career was based in
Ohio where, with his older brother
Charles Henry Langston, he began his lifelong work for African-American freedom, education, equal rights and
suffrage. In 1855 he was one of the first African Americans in the
United States elected to public office when elected as a town clerk in Ohio.
[1][2][3] John was a great-uncle of the renowned
poet Langston Hughes.