The state of New York just issued $183 million reparations to descendants of Holocaust survivors. This shyt is beyond insane

[Ish Gibor]

"It was created to help Holocaust victims and their heirs recover assets deposited in banks; unpaid proceeds of insurance policies issued by European insurers; and artworks that were lost, looted, or sold under duress. The HCPO does not charge claimants for its services. Since its inception, the HCPO has responded to thousands of inquiries and received claims from all 50 U.S. states and 53 countries.

Under the direction of Superintendent Harris, HCPO has announced the resolution of Nazi Looted Art Claims for four paintings and ten 18th Century Chasubles from the Collection of Johann Bloch, completed the first joint recovery with the Carabinieri for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, and alongside the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (SPK), returned three paintings to the heirs of Dr. Ismar Littmann. For more information, visit the HCPO website."

Some background information.

Did this take place in America, or overseas?

I dont know how many slaves had insurance policies, bank accounts or high value artworks....

It’s all documented as I have posted. And yes the stolen assets are well known. Btw, it’s not just about slavery. The history of slavery is at the foundation of Jim Crow laws and systematic racism as we know it nowadays.

The losses most certainly can be calculated, the same way the revenue can be calculated.

Slave Insurance - Encyclopedia Virginia

Companies Query About Slave Insurance The most successful life insurer to operate extensively in Virginia was the Baltimore Life Insurance Company of Maryland (1830–1867). The company underwrote small numbers of slaves throughout the 1830s and 1840s. It enjoyed a virtual monopoly in slave...

encyclopediavirginia.org

The Homestead Act of 1862

President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act on May 20, 1862. On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman made the first claim under the Act, which gave citizens or future citizens up to 160 acres of public land provided they live on it, improve it, and pay a small registration fee. The Government...

www.archives.gov

The Headright Property System in America, a story

*The Headright Property System in America began on this date in 1618. A headright refers to a legal grant of land given to settlers during the European colonization of the Americas. Headright is most notable for its role in expanding the Thirteen Colonies; the Virginia Company gave headright to...

aaregistry.org

Yall need to read the details... this shyt was way simpler than government deciding payments for ADOS

What is complicated about understanding who is ADOS, or not? I mean, are you ADOS or not?

The government has been dealing with this demographic for hundreds of years. They implemented laws against this particular demographic. But all of a sudden it has become a head scratcher? “Who are these people”? “We don’t know what happened, what’s their history”?

 

[Savvir]

Some background information.

Did this take place in America, or overseas?


It’s all documented as I have posted. And yes the stolen assets are well known. Btw, it’s not just about slavery. The history of slavery is at the foundation of Jim Crow laws and systematic racism as we know it nowadays.

The losses most certainly can be calculated, the same way the revenue can be calculated.

Slave Insurance - Encyclopedia Virginia

Companies Query About Slave Insurance The most successful life insurer to operate extensively in Virginia was the Baltimore Life Insurance Company of Maryland (1830–1867). The company underwrote small numbers of slaves throughout the 1830s and 1840s. It enjoyed a virtual monopoly in slave...

encyclopediavirginia.org

The Homestead Act of 1862

President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act on May 20, 1862. On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman made the first claim under the Act, which gave citizens or future citizens up to 160 acres of public land provided they live on it, improve it, and pay a small registration fee. The Government...

www.archives.gov

The Headright Property System in America, a story

*The Headright Property System in America began on this date in 1618. A headright refers to a legal grant of land given to settlers during the European colonization of the Americas. Headright is most notable for its role in expanding the Thirteen Colonies; the Virginia Company gave headright to...

aaregistry.org

What is complicated about understanding who is ADOS, or not? I mean, are you ADOS or not?

The government has been dealing with this demographic for hundreds of years. They implemented laws against this particular demographic. But all of a sudden it has become a head scratcher? “Who are these people”? “We don’t know what happened, what’s their history”?

1. Slave insurance was a poilicy between the slave owner and the insurance company... this cannot be compared to the actual policy holders being ripped off... Did you even read the article?

2. I've gotta look more into the homestead act of 1862 and figure out when/how land was taken from black homesteaders

3. The headright property system was not a benefit to slaves/ADOS. Not even sure why you posted the article.... did you even read it?

3. Who said anything about understanding who is ADOS? Yes I am ADOS

 

[ObsidianDev]

Power recognizes power. That's all I'm gonna say.

 

[Ish Gibor]

1. Slave insurance was a poilicy between the slave owner and the insurance company... this cannot be compared to the actual policy holders being ripped off... Did you even read the article?

So the insurance didn’t give a value of the enslaved individual?

Insurance Policies on Slaves: New York Life’s Complicated Past (Published 2016)

In its 19th-century beginnings, New York Life Insurance sold 508 policies covering slaves. Their descendants are grappling with it.

www.nytimes.com

"The one-year premium cost $5.81. The policy specifically excluded the following forms of death from its coverage: drowning at sea, suicide, dying as a result of a duel, or for having violated any laws."

Insurance Policy for a Slave - Encyclopedia Virginia

In 1847 James H. Moody of Chesterfield County took out this life insurance policy from the Nautilus (Mutual Life) Insurance Company of New York to cover Robert Moody, his enslaved laborer. Moody was being hired out to work at the Clover Hill Pits, a local coal mine. The one-year premium cost...

encyclopediavirginia.org

2. I've gotta look more into the homestead act of 1862 and figure out when/how land was taken from black homesteaders.

A few sources along the way ...

(1862) The Homestead Act •

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the … Read More(1862) The Homestead Act

www.blackpast.org

Passed on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a minimal filing fee and five years of continuous residence on that land.

Homestead Act (1862)

EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act of May 20, 1862 (Homestead Act), Public Law 37-64 (12 STAT 392); 5/20/1862; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in...

www.archives.gov

The Homestead Act of 1862

Background

On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman, a Union Army scout, was scheduled to leave Gage County, Nebraska Territory, to report for duty in St. Louis. At a New Year's Eve party the night before, Freeman met some local Land Office officials and convinced a clerk to open the office shortly after midnight in order to file a land claim. In doing so, Freeman became one of the first to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Homestead Act, a law signed by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862. At the time of the signing, 11 states had left the Union, and this piece of legislation would continue to have regional and political overtones.

The distribution of Government lands had been an issue since the Revolutionary War. At the time of the Articles of Confederation, the major controversy related to land measurement and pricing. Early methods for allocating unsettled land outside the original 13 colonies were arbitrary and chaotic. Boundaries were established by stepping off plots from geographical landmarks. As a result, overlapping claims and border disputes were common. The Land Ordinance of 1785 finally implemented a standardized system of Federal land surveys that eased boundary conflicts. Using astronomical starting points, territory was divided into a 6-mile square called a township prior to settlement. The township was divided into 36 sections, each measuring 1 square mile or 640 acres each. Sale of public land was viewed as a means to generate revenue for the Government rather than as a way to encourage settlement. Initially, an individual was required to purchase a full section of land at the cost of $1 per acre for 640 acres. The investment needed to purchase these large plots and the massive amount of physical labor required to clear the land for agriculture were often insurmountable obstacles

By 1800, the minimum lot was halved to 320 acres, and settlers were allowed to pay in 4 installments, but prices remained fixed at $1.25 an acre until 1854. That year, federal legislation was enacted establishing a graduated scale that adjusted land prices to reflect the desirability of the lot. Lots that had been on the market for 30 years, for example, were reduced to 12 ½ cents per acre. Soon after, extraordinary bonuses were extended to veterans and those interested in settling the Oregon Territory, making homesteading a viable option for some. But basically, national public-land-use policy made land ownership financially unattainable for most would-be homesteaders [...].

The Homestead Act of 1862

3. The headright property system was not a benefit to slaves/ADOS. Not even sure why you posted the article.... did you even read it?

Indeed it was not to benefit enslaved (ADOS). It was to benefit whites.

We know what they received. So by that logic we also know what was not paid to ADOS.

Headrights System

(VA-NOTES)

In order to encourage immigration into the colony, the Virginia Company, meeting in a Quarter Court held on 18 November 1618, passed a body of laws called Orders and Constitutions which came to be considered "the Great Charter of privileges, orders and laws" of the colony. Among these laws was a provision that any person who settled in Virginia or paid for the transportation expenses of another person who settled in Virginia should be entitled to receive fifty acres of land for each immigrant. The right to receive fifty acres per person, or per head, was called a headright. The practice was continued under the royal government of Virginia after the dissolution of the Virginia Company, and the Privy Council ordered on 22 July 1634 that patents for headrights be issued.

Although seldom used during the eighteenth century, the procedure remained in effect until the passage of an act in the session begun in May 1779 which, in adjusting and settling titles to lands, gave a period of twelve months from the end of the legislative session for such rights to be claimed or be considered forfeited.

A person who was entitled to a headright usually obtained a certificate of entitlement from a county court and then took the certificate to the office of the secretary of the colony, who issued the headright, or right to patent fifty acre of land. The holder of the headright then had the county surveyor make a survey of the land and then took the survey and the headright back to the capital to obtain a patent for the tract of land. When the patent was issued, the names of the immigrants, or headrights, were often included in the text of the document.

As valuable properties, headrights could be bought and sold. The person who obtained a patent to a tract of land under a headright might not have been the person who immigrated or who paid for the immigration of another person. Headrights were not always claimed immediately after immigration, either; there are instances in which several years elapsed between a person's entry into Virginia and the acquisition of a headright and sometimes even longer between then and the patenting of a tract of land.

The headright system was subject to a wide variety of abuses from outright fraud to multiple claims by a merchant and a ship's captain to a headright for the same immigrant passenger. Some prominent merchants and colonial officials received headrights for themselves each time they returned to Virginia from abroad. As a result of the abuses and of the transferable nature of the headrights, the system, which may have been intended initially to promote settlement and ownership of small plots of land by numerous immigrants, resulted in the accumulation of large tracts of land by a small number of merchants, shippers, and early land speculators.

The presence of a name as a headright in a land patent, then, establishes that a person of a certain name had entered Virginia prior to the date of the patent; but it does not prove when the person immigrated or who was initially entitled to the headright.

For extended analyses of Virginia land policies, see Fairfax Harrison Virginia Land Grants (New York, 1925, Richmond, 1979); Robert A. Stewart's introduction in volume one of Nell M. Nugent's Cavaliers and Pioneers (Richmond, 1934); Daphne Gentry's introduction in volume four of Dennis Hudgins' Cavaliers and Pioneers (Richmond, 1995); and the introduction to the Virginia Land Office Inventory, first published by the Library of Virginia in 1973.

An online series on Research in Virginia Documents.

Prepared by Daphne Gentry, Publications and Education Services Division.

Copyright by The Library of Virginia; this note may be reproduced in full if proper credit is given and no changes are made.

Headrights (VA-NOTES)

3. Who said anything about understanding who is ADOS? Yes I am ADOS

People did argue over this, questioning if you are ADOS (American Descendant of Slavery) or not.

Well, people here is your answer.

 

[Savvir]

So the insurance didn’t give a value of the enslaved individual?

Insurance Policies on Slaves: New York Life’s Complicated Past (Published 2016)

In its 19th-century beginnings, New York Life Insurance sold 508 policies covering slaves. Their descendants are grappling with it.

www.nytimes.com

"The one-year premium cost $5.81. The policy specifically excluded the following forms of death from its coverage: drowning at sea, suicide, dying as a result of a duel, or for having violated any laws."

Insurance Policy for a Slave - Encyclopedia Virginia

In 1847 James H. Moody of Chesterfield County took out this life insurance policy from the Nautilus (Mutual Life) Insurance Company of New York to cover Robert Moody, his enslaved laborer. Moody was being hired out to work at the Clover Hill Pits, a local coal mine. The one-year premium cost...

encyclopediavirginia.org

A few sources along the way ...

(1862) The Homestead Act •

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the … Read More(1862) The Homestead Act

www.blackpast.org

Homestead Act (1862)

EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act of May 20, 1862 (Homestead Act), Public Law 37-64 (12 STAT 392); 5/20/1862; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in...

www.archives.gov

The Homestead Act of 1862


Indeed it was not to benefit enslaved (ADOS). It was to benefit whites.

We know what they received. So by that logic we also know what was not paid to ADOS.



Headrights (VA-NOTES)


People did argue over this, questioning if you are ADOS (American Descendant of Slavery) or not.

Well, people here is your answer.

1. The way the insurance worked for slaves would take more than an accountant to decide on value and interest. It takes interpretation of law to decide.

This is different than an accountant simply counting interest on an easy-to-define policy.

I'm not saying that these things are not owed... I'm saying the straightforwardness of the paperwork in the jews case is completely different from the situation with slaves. If the jews relied on getting money based on a calculation of the value of German insurance policies for different aspects of the Holocaust it would be taking much much much longer... the jews would be getting mad about all these "research committees" instead of action

2. Fasho

3. reading

3. (lol) anybody asking me if im ados is obviously trolling... you just not aware of the context

 

[Goat poster]

They playing a whole different game out here....

I wonder when they are amongs themselves and can speak as freely as possible do they just laugh at the whole world?

They really been finessing on another level for a long time

 

[☑︎#VoteDemocrat]

This looks like it was well documented and easily tracked down. Good luck to those seeking reparations. Gonna need that paperwork.

 

[TEH]

They will not respect us until we fight back.

 

[Savvir]

They will not respect us until we fight back.

how do you suggest we fight?

 

[Tony D'Amato]

Democrats

 

[TEH]

how do you suggest we fight?

 

[Savvir]

and all the internet talk comes full circle...

yall dont really take this shyt serious

 

[#1 pick]

Whoa the Optics is amazing.

The state is broke because of the migrant crisis but 183 million can be found to hand out to already rich small hats?

Is she trying to cause division???

Can't cause a division with people you don't and will never fukk with unless you need a vote, in that case, just say the other party is more racist

 

[TEH]

and all the internet talk comes full circle...

yall dont really take this shyt serious

Anything you say officer.

 

[TELL ME YA CHEESIN FAM?]

@Da_Eggman
@voiture

What you spending your bread on?