Proto-Bantu-
Phonology and syntax of proto-bantu: With the lexical and morphological reproductions of the proto-bantu that have been proposed , it is conceivable to discover somewhat more about the phonological arrangement of this proto-dialect. Similarly, You would have the capacity to display a cognizant language structure which isn't really that of the normal Bantu for the most part forecasted.
I'll begin by making a stock of the proto-bantu sounds as they show up in the reproduced shapes. These are directional acquired from the post-traditional Negro-Egyptian and are found in no less than one of the dialects. They give us 13 consonants: * p, * t * c, * k; * D, * j; * Bw, * kw; * B, * r, * h; * M, * n, * n; * Mb. We could have included the sound velar g (truant in Lingala yet exhibit in Swahili in words that are acquired from the Negro-Egyptian), yet a top to bottom examination of the actualities demonstrates that we are managing a variation of * kw. The prenasalized mb has all the shot of being gotten from the partition */mB/; The deaf palatal * is obviously gotten from * ki (coku "fess"), which infers the presence of two ultra-short vowels * I and * u: Kiok-> * coku; * Kuik-> * kidi. At last, we likewise consider that the alveolar * d is a variation of * tw and that the palatal * is gotten from it by palatalization.
Considering every one of these components i propose as a consonant arrangement of the proto-bantu that of the figure which contains 12 phonemes separated into 3 requests and 4 arrangement.
Basic Plosive */p/*/t/*/k/
Plosive labialized */bw/*/tw/*/kw/
Nonstop */B/r/h/
Nasal */m/*/n/*/n/
Concerning vowels, the Bantu realities (lingala ko.sala ~ ko. Kela << faire >>, luganda ku.kola id.) Confirm the presence in proto-bantu of the mid-shut focal vowel * E [e] (* e/o): * kiki-<< faire >>> * keki - (lingala ko.kela and luganda ku.kola). This ultra-short vowel is added to the officially remade vowels * I * u , * e, * o and * a. There is hence a restriction of length in the vocalic arrangement of the proto-bantu similar to the case in other Negro-Egyptian dialects. The subsystem of short vowels is gotten from antiquated unaccented vowels of the age-old negro-egyptian. The "long" subsystem is a three-vowel framework that is additionally/* e * o * a/and is more open. Thus the table underneath which unavoidably helps us to remember that of. The CVC type of the proto-bantu roots drives us to consider that the middle vowel is "long" while the last vowel is short; Which is to state that the emphasize fell on the principal syllable of the root, precisely as in post-traditional Negro-Egyptian.
*/E/*/a/*/o/[+ open], [-court]
On the syntactic level, numerous reproductions have been made above and require just be refined and broadened considering the phonological framework that has quite recently been proposed. It is then understood that the introduction made by the Bantuists of class prefixes is an absolutely sychronic depiction and can not be connected accordingly to the proto-bantu, since the quantity of classes is significantly littler. We therefore touch base at the accompanying classes
1. Class of instrument names: The names of arbes and wooden or wooden items (people) are typically gone before by "kwiki" * kwi "tree, wood" Have slowly prompted the proto-bantu constitution of another ostensible class. It is in this way described by a prefix of frame e-kwi in the particular and e-w-kwi-> e-Bi-in the plural. This combine (* e-kwi-, * e-Bi-) is clearly at the starting point of class 7 of the Bantuists and its plural (class 8); 1. * ekwi-> swahili ki-, lingala bi-zulu izi-.