part 2:
Russian mercenaries, right, in northern Mali, in a photo provided by the French military.Photo: French Army/Associated Press
A spokesman for the rebel group, the Front pour l’Alternance et la Concorde au Tchad, or FACT, said at the time that while the group had been stationed in the same base as Wagner in Libya, it hadn’t been trained, armed or directed by Wagner.
Chad, under Mr. Déby and his father, has worked closely with France and the U.S. in the war against Islamic State and al Qaeda affiliates in the Sahel region. The majority-Muslim country hosts U.S. Special Forces and drones, and its own soldiers
have been deployed to fight jihadist groups in neighboring Nigeria, Cameroon and Niger, where other local militaries have struggled.
Within Chad, however, there have been protests against Mr. Déby’s ascent to power after his father’s death, which didn’t follow the line of succession outlined in the constitution and extended his family’s more than three-decade-long rule of the country, one of the world’s poorest. Some of those protests have also targeted France, accusing the government of President Emmanuel Macron, who attended the elder Mr. Déby’s funeral, of prioritizing its influence in the region over human rights and democracy.
The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chad’s Information Ministry didn’t respond to requests for comment.
France has previously urged Chadian authorities to hold elections and criticized the government for the deadly repression of protests that followed an October announcement by Chad’s ruling junta that elections would be delayed for two more years. The junta said the delay was agreed to as part of a national dialogue with opposition parties, although not all opposition parties were included in those talks.
The current threats to Mr. Déby’s government, which has been criticized by the West for putting off democratic elections, come from alliances between Chadian rebels and Wagner, including in Libya and the Central African Republic, according to the U.S. and African officials.
In a recording circulated on social media in February 2022, Timan Erdimi, the leader of Chadian rebel group Union des Forces Républicaines, asked Abdoulkassim Algoni Tidjani, then a special adviser to the president of the Central African Republic, President Faustin Archange Touadera, to convince “Russians” to come to Chad to “drive out Mahamat (Déby) and France,” a U.N. sanctions panel on the Central African Republic said last year.
How Wagner Group Is Using Pop Culture to Recruit New Russian Fighters
How Wagner Group Is Using Pop Culture to Recruit New Russian Fighters
From action movies to techno music clips, videos on Russian social media urge young men to join the Wagner mercenary group to fight in Ukraine. The pop culture push is even more important as Wagner’s losses mount on the battlefield. Illustration: RIA FAN/Aurum Production/Cyber FrontZ
The Central African Republic’s government and a Wagner representative in the country denied at the time that they planned to destabilize Chad.
But the American and African officials interviewed for this article said the current U.S. intelligence relied on new, separate evidence of joint plans by Wagner and Chadian rebels to destabilize the country.
“When you combine [the killing of Mr. Déby’s father] with what we are seeing today, a pretty clear picture of a concerted, persistent Prigozhin/Wagner plan to destabilize the transitional government of Chad emerges,” the senior U.S. official said.
The FACT rebel group that killed the former president until recently had 700 fighters stationed in Jufra, a military base in southern Libya where Wagner is also present, according to United Nations reports on sanctions in Libya. The facility is controlled by Libyan commander Khalifa Haftar. In recent months, the Chadians have relocated further south, according to a North African official familiar with their movements.
Mr. Haftar worked both with Wagner and the Chadian FACT rebels to try to oust Libya’s internationally recognized government before backing a unified Libyan government as part of a 2021 peace deal. He continues to control large parts of eastern Libya and Wagner mercenaries remain in the country, U.N., Libyan and American officials say.
—Chao Deng and Gabriele Steinhauser contributed to this article.
Write to Benoit Faucon at
benoit.faucon@wsj.com