This is that dark knight rises "how come bruce fixed his back and got himself back into shape in 30 mins to defeat bane" lack of common sense all over again. No disrespect..
it happened 5 secs (movie time) after zod and crew got shipped out...but it happened way longer than that in actual real time. You gotta remember that they can't spend and hr or even longer showing what they were doing on the planet in between shipping them out and leading up to that shyt blowing up.
If Snyder were to make a film like that...one that showed every min of every day..so you wouldn't miss anything (which is what it sounds like you want)..it would take years to watch this film because of it's length.
Movies have been doing since forever...it's nothing new for a director, screen writer, editor to get str8 to the point. We don't need to see pointless shyt like the Kryptonians living every day life for days, weeks, months or years before the planet finally blew up...they have more important shyt to show us.
Time did pass. A lot of time, they just didn't spell it out on screen with a *6 months later* (not the exact time) for nikkas like ol boy above.