Is religion necessary for social order?
MARK STRICHERZ
Religion is surely not a necessary and sufficient cause of social order; witness India and Pakistan. But it is, I think, a necessary one; witness Britain and our big-city ghettos. Over at his crunchy con blog, Rod Dreher engages in a an intriguing back-and-forth with no less a figure than David Rieff. Rods view, in brief, is that society does need religion for social order, or at least a binding communal sense of the transcendent:
I do wonder, though, on what basis UK culture, or any culture, that slides into the kind of slough of disorder and social pathology emerging in the UK now (or, for that matter, in the US inner city, and beyond) can be arrested and reversed, if not on a religious basis? You cannot make people believe in religion because its good for them. Yet the culture were in now is so hedonistic and individualistic that its hard for me to see how, absent a heroic commitment to transcendental values, society as a whole recovers. The Victorians faced a similar crisis, and rallied. But they at least had a strongly residual Christianity to build on. Once Christianity has been lost, replaced by a secular hedonistic ethic, on what basis can one appeal for repentance and renewal?
Im not saying that only religious people can be morally upright. Obviously we all know religious people who are nasty and unethical, and atheists who are thoroughly decent and admirable. I dont wish to be misunderstood on this point. Nevertheless, it seems plain to me that society cannot carry on without some more or less commonly shared basis of social order, rooted in some sort of felt (as distinct from merely cerebral) transcendental commitment. I, for example, believe that Islam is untrue; nevertheless, one must recognize the role that the Islamic faith plays in keeping social order in the societies it rules. The point Im making is not a theological one, but a sociological one. Robert D. Kaplan wrote about the differences he observed between the chaos and ruin of West Africa, versus the order he observed in Egypt. Both places were very poor, but Islam gave its people a sense of internal order and dignity that allowed them to bear their dire material circumstances more successfully than the West Africans.
What I would like for us to discuss is whether or not religion (not only Christianity, but religion itself) is ultimately necessary to social order. Is continental Europe ultimately going to go to pieces because of Christianitys collapse? Can a society falling apart because of problems related to the lack of self-discipline and self-restraint return from the edge without in some real sense embracing religion? And if so, what might that be? What kind of secular ethic could replace real religion; i.e. what kind of secular ethic could be experienced by most people as binding on their conduct?