That they did. Heavily. Its been edited/obscured from pretty much all narratives though from the Christianity to Buddhism to Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Islam etc...
All of them were high on something to modulate their consciousness and peak into dimensions beyond this realm and on top of that the texts are ciphered with three layers of meaning so only those with the eyes to see decode the truth and rest stand at the outer gate thinking they made it. They also used other methods involving posture, breath and various points of geomagnetic influence as well but entheogens were the first class ticket most preferred.
Why do you think they push so hard to regulate the use of what is naturally occurring on the planet? The stories from the South American shamans and the nature of the plant spirits that talked to them on how to mix this with that to make it active for human consumption are very intriguing as they managed to keep remnants of a complete tradition.
Not for nothing is belief "Be Leaf", feel me? Such a Devilish language...