I think nationalism isn't as well developed. Ethnic nationalism still has a hold. What was needed were nation builders in combination with technocrats. I have come across people complaining about how they have a Minister from their province but their roads are bad or people who even look at a Minister with a modest home and car as a fool because he failed to use his position to enrich himself and his clan. The situation is complex in multiethnic countries like Nigeria or Kenya. I read about groups making alliances which each other on nothing more than trying to keep the other group out. Its like you said even educated politicians are not immune from the politics they know that you cannot go on a podium and talk about GDP , unemployment and all that stuff.In Africa when shyt like this happens you normally get to the answer by questioning ''who benefits from the status quo''. Contrary to popular belief, many ridiculous actions of African govts are not due ignorance but perverse incentives. These people have degrees from prestigious unis in the West and often have trained economists advising them. They know good economic policy. They just put other things first like politics or personal enrichment.