Yeah, obviously tomato can be considered a fruit as well as a vegetable, but when you get into the science it gets goofy.
Like, did you know that broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussel spouts, kale, and collared greens all come from the same plant?
en.wikipedia.org
Brassica oleracea is a plant
species that includes many common
cultivars, such as
cabbage,
broccoli,
cauliflower,
kale,
Brussels sprouts,
collard greens,
Savoy cabbage,
kohlrabi, and
gai lan.
In its uncultivated form, it is called
wild cabbage and is native to coastal southern and western
Europe. A hardy plant in its uncultivated form, its high tolerance for
salt and
lime, and its intolerance of competition from other plants, typically restrict its natural occurrence to
limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both sides of the
English Channel, and the windswept coast on the western side of the
Isle of Wight. Genetic analysis of nine wild populations on the French Atlantic coast indicated their common
feral origin, deriving from domesticated plants escaped from fields and gardens.
The cultivars of
B. oleracea are grouped by developmental form into seven major
cultivar groups, of which the Acephala ("non-heading") group remains most like the natural wild cabbage in appearance:
In places such as the
Channel Islands and
Canary Islands, where the frost is minimal and plants are thus freed from seasonality, some cultivars, known as
Jersey cabbages, can grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) tall. These "tree cabbages" yield fresh leaves throughout the year, are perennial, and do not need to be destroyed at harvest as with a normal cabbage. Their woody stalks are sometimes dried and made into walking sticks.
History
With the advent of agriculture and the domestication of wild crop plants, the people of the northern Mediterranean began cultivating wild cabbage. Through
artificial selection for various phenotype traits, the emergence of variations of the plant with drastic differences in looks took only a few thousand years. Preference for leaves, terminal bud, lateral bud, stem, and inflorescence resulted in selection of varieties of wild cabbage into the many forms known today.
Impact of preference
- The preference for the eating of the leaves led to the selection of plants with larger leaves being harvested and their seeds planted for the next growth. Around the fifth century BC, the formation of what is now known as kale had developed.
- Preference led to further artificial selection of kale plants with more tightly bunched leaves, or terminal bud. Somewhere around the first century AD emerged the phenotype variation of B. oleracea known as cabbage.
- Phenotype selection preferences in Germany resulted in a new variation from the kale cultivar. By selecting for fatter stems, the variant plant known as kohlrabi emerged around the first century AD.
- European preference emerged for eating immature buds, selection for inflorescence. Early records in 15th century AD, indicate that early cauliflower and broccoli heading types were found throughout southern Italy and Sicily, although these types may not have been resolved into distinct cultivars until about 100 years later.
- Further selection in Belgium in lateral bud led to Brussels sprouts in the 18th century.