Early history
Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has existed in many
cultures.
[7] Prehistoric graves from about 8000 BC in Lower Egypt suggest that a Libyan people enslaved a
San-like tribe.[
dubious – discuss][
Capoid remains not found this far north]
[33] Slavery is rare among
hunter-gatherer populations.[
citation needed] Mass slavery also requires economic surpluses and a high population density to be viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slavery would have only proliferated after the invention of agriculture during the
Neolithic Revolution about 11,000 years ago.
[34]
In the earliest known records slavery is treated as an established institution. The
Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1760 BC), for example, prescribed death for anyone who helped a slave to escape or who sheltered a fugitive.
[35] The
Bible mentions slavery as an established institution.
[7]
Slavery was known in almost every ancient civilization, and society, including
Sumer,
Ancient Egypt,
Ancient China, the
Akkadian Empire,
Assyria,
Ancient India,
Ancient Greece, the
Roman Empire, the
Islamic Caliphate, the
Hebrew kingdoms in Palestine, and the
pre-Columbian civilizations of the
Americas.
[7] Such institutions included
debt-slavery, punishment for crime, the enslavement of
prisoners of war,
child abandonment, and the birth of slave children to slaves.
[36]