In 2000, Semino's study on Y DNA revealed the presence of haplotypes belonging to the large clade
E1b1b1 (E-M35). These were predominantly found
in the southern Balkans, southern Italy and parts of Iberia. Semino connected
this pattern, along with J haplogroup subclades, to be the Y-DNA component of Cavalli-Sforza's Neolithic demic-diffusion of farmers from the Near East.
[83] Rosser et al. rather saw it as a (direct)
'North African component' in European genealogy, although they did not propose a timing and mechanism to account for it.
[84] Underhill and Kivisild (2007) also described E1b1b as representing a late-
Pleistocene migration from Africa to Europe over the
Sinai Peninsula in
Egypt, evidence for which does not show up in mitochondrial DNA.
[85]
Concerning timing the distribution and diversity of V13 however,
Battaglia et al. (2008) proposed an earlier movement whereby the E-M78* lineage ancestral to all modern E-V13 men moved rapidly out of a Southern Egyptian homeland and arrived in Europe with only
Mesolithic technologies. They then suggest that the E-V13 sub-clade of E-M78 only expanded subsequently as native Balkan 'foragers-cum-farmers' adopted Neolithic technologies from the Near East. They propose that the first major dispersal of E-V13 from the Balkans may have been in the direction of the
Adriatic Sea with the
Neolithic Impressed Ware culture often referred to as
Impressaor
Cardial.
Peričic et al. (2005), rather propose that the main route of E-V13 spread was along the Vardar-Morava-Danube river 'highway' system.
In contrast to Battaglia,
Cruciani et al. (2007) tentatively suggested (i) a different point where
the V13 mutation happened on its way from Egypt to the Balkans via the Middle East, and (ii) a later dispersal time. The authors proposed that the V13 mutation first appeared in western Asia, where it is found in low but significant frequencies, whence it entered the Balkans sometime after 11 kYa. It later experienced a rapid dispersal which he dated to c. 5300 years ago in Europe, coinciding with the Balkan Bronze Age. Like Peričic et al. they consider that "the dispersion of the E-V13 and J-M12 haplogroups seems to have mainly followed the river waterways connecting the southern Balkans to north-central Europe".