The Red Summer of 1919-The Race War you Never knew about...

cole phelps

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Great thread and can't stand how this type of history is not taught in schools. I taught it to my students as it is the culminating event in the nadir period as blacks fought back against multiple race riots and demonstrated vast agency in that summer. Other powerful race riots that need this type of attention are the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot and the 1910 Jack Johnson race riots that occurred all over the nation when he won the championship. The key part of these events is that blacks in every instance fought back and whooped ass of anyone that brought state sponsored and private white terrorist violence to their community. Red Summer indeed...
I plan to make threads on other obscure race riots as well stay tuned!!!
 

kp404

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I plan to make threads on other obscure race riots as well stay tuned!!!

let's not forget the New York Draft Riots during the Civil War...the movie Gangs of New York is the only thing I've seen touch on them, but that was watered down...The New York Draft riots were absolutely horrific as the anti-Lincoln northerners hunted any black person in the streets and dismembered their bodies...this is the type of stuff I read and write about all the time...I've had to develop a shield around my heart so I could continue my work on the subject
 
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Do you think our generation could end white supremacy once and for all??

Sadly....no.
Most of us black people in America are still asleep and looking for acceptance from the same group of people who killed us and denied us opportunities for decades.

Most of the younger generation are asleep and still think that things haven't changed and that racism is somehow "dead" cause "we have a black president" and live in a "post-racial society".

I think it would unfortunately take something like this happening again to truly mobilize black people...
 

cole phelps

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Sadly....no.
Most of us black people in America are still asleep and looking for acceptance from the same group of people who killed us and denied us opportunities for decades.

Most of the younger generation are asleep and still think that things haven't changed and that racism is somehow "dead" cause "we have a black president" and live in a "post-racial society".

I think it would unfortunately take something like this happening again to truly mobilize black people...
a shame how things turned out
 

cole phelps

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13 April, a white mob in Millen, Georgia, attacked the cultural icons of the black community there, burning down the symbols of their religious and social solidarity. The New York Times announced the next day that “seven fatalities were reported . . . [with] seven negro lodge and church buildings” burned. This incident is the first documented and verified Red Summer “race riot.” Today, no mention is made in public venues of the event. In fact, despite the active promotion of history in the area, via such projects as the Millen-Jenkins County Scenic Byway Corridor Management Plan, the story sits quietly, undiscussed. One of the churches burned, the Carswell Grove Baptist Church, is on the National Register of Historic Places, yet the official documents note only that it was rebuilt in 1919 after being “destroyed by fire.”
 

cole phelps

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In the early morning hours of 24 May, John Dowdy and Levi (or Lewis) Evans, went down to the segregated black section of Milan, Georgia, near the Rawlins turpentine quarters. The real purpose of their visit is open to discussion, but its outcome indisputable. By the end of the day a 72-year-old black man named Berry Washington was in jail for having killed John Dowdy in defense of two girls and a woman, whose house Dowdy and Evans had invaded and begun destroying. Two days later, a mob of hysterical white people removed Washington from the jail and lynched him. Afterward, a mob of white boys went back to the black neighborhood of Milan, threatening to harm any resident who failed to leave town. Terrorized and taking the threats seriously, the black townspeople left their homes before nightfall. For the next two days and nights, Milan stood empty of its black citizens.
Local authorities first hushed up the incident, but the story managed to filter out, thanks to a letter from Reverend Judson Dinkins to Monroe Work at the Tuskegee Institute. Work passed the letter along to John Shillady at the NAACP. Once the investigative efforts of the NAACP brought the story into full view, Dr. Floyd W. McCrae, a member of a prominent local family, took the lead in chastising the perpetrators of the crime, offering, with Georgia governor Hugh Dorsey, a reward for the arrest and conviction of the mob. A Telfair County grand jury investigated the events and recommended the removal of the sheriff and a deputy
 

cole phelps

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Ninety years ago in November, the city of Wilmington, Delaware, reverberated with racial tension. When three black men, Lemuel, James, and John Price, were arrested for killing white patrolman Tom L. Zelby (or Seebley), a white mob numbering 300 formed, roaming the streets, “seeking vengeance,” according the the New York Herald.” Accounts differ, but after a shooting incident involving Dillard or Bannel Field and Buck Hayes as targets of the mob, the hysterical crowd stormed through a predominantly black neighborhood, throwing bricks through the windows of the homes.
 

cole phelps

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Large in October of 1919, the Great Steel Strike disrupted much of America’s industrial life and heightened the zeitgeist of disorientation and racial tension. Labor disputes related to the Steel Strike became race riots in at least three locations that month.
In Gary, Indiana, violence occurred on the 4th and 5th of October, when hundreds of strikers left a mass meeting and attacked a group of black replacement workers, then spread out over an eight-block area in a black neighborhood leaving many residents injured in the wake of their two-day frenzy. On the 9th of October in Donora, Pennsylvania, black workers at American Steel and Wire company fought back when they were attacked by strikers. In Hubbard, Ohio, on the 10th of the month, a mob of white strikers attacked fifty black workers at Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, killing one worker and injuring several others.
 

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cole phelps

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Syracuse, New York, 31 July 1919

Polish and Italian iron molders out on strike attacked black replacement workers hired by Globe Malleable Iron Works. Using clubs, stones, and firearms, the strikers inflicted “serious damage” on the workers, but contemporaneous newspaper accounts reported that the workers fought back in kind. At least three white men, Leon Martin, Walinty Winekowski, and Stanislaus Anvziewski, were arrested. The violence ended once the city officials activated the entire police force.
 

cole phelps

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Norfolk, Virginia, 21 July 1919

during the first day of a week-long celebration to honor the return of black troops to Norfolk, Virginia, police tried to arrest a black soldier who was alleged to have been involved in a fight. According to contemporaneous news reports, this action quickly resulted in gunfire “in several places in the Negro district.” City authorities called out all their police reserves and requested help from the Navy, which supplied more than one hundred personnel. The clashes between whites and blacks that day resulted in several injuries, including two police officers, C.H. Sheldon and B.C. Vick, who were shot in the foot and the leg, respectively.
Rather than having been the target of violence or the agents of resistance, the black soldiers involved in the Norfolk incident served as a fulcrum or catalyst for the expression of tension between white navy personnel and Norfolk’s black community. This tension had a long history, with violent flare-ups between the two groups documented in newspaper accounts appearing in 1910, 1912, and 1916.
 
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