We think low life expectancies are the norm cause that what we saw in the 1800s and early 1900s and we extrapolate back. But in reality the Industrial Age really fukked up life expectancy. Living in cities was pretty much worse in every way - more pollution, more disease, work was hard on the body in unnatural ways and then leisure was too sedentary. It was pretty much the peak where communicable disease, environmental disease, and lifestyle disease all hit those populations simultaneously in very nasty ways. Not to mention concentrated populations get higher murder rates, higher stress levels, probably more suicides too.
Before then you had the communicable diseases, but if you lived rural and there was a degree of herd immunity then you weren't hit with them that much cause they didn't travel through rural populations the way they did in dense cities. And if you survived the communicable diseases and didn't die in some random accident or in childbirth, you were probably gonna be okay. Environmental disease and lifestyle disease was minimized. So it's not really surprising to me that people lived normal human lifespans. Even Psalm 90 says that people only have 70 years to live, 80 if you're strong. So that suggests that 70 was considered pretty damn normal even back then in 500 B.C. or so when that shyt was written.
Vaccines, antibiotics, and clean surgeries have been a huge boon. But lifestyle and environmental issues are still fukking with us big-time. Something like 1/5 to 1/6 of global deaths are at least in part due to pollutants, and a large portion of the rest are likely due to lifestyle.
It's one of the big reasons why I'm gonna transition to raising my daughter in a rural area and start looking into rural support initiatives. I think we need to invigorate rural communities more cause this congested polluted overcrowded high-stress concrete life with no nature to go to and no exercise outside the gym just isn't the way for humans to thrive.