Bit of both, but its one of the few places where they are actually more foreigners than locals if you can believe that.
Alcohol is no problem, its very open the hotel bars sell it and entertainment events like Sole or concerts sell it. Its not like Saudi or anything at all, its a very open country (to an extent, on the surface I think people might get surprised), just dont get arrested for drunken behavior like fights or driving
Officially speaking weed is illegal, lot of locals try hashish and you dont wanna get caught with any (Usually if you arrested for drugs its 4 years unless they put on a "mercy" list during Ramadan where they let people out, so in reality if you caught with it you might do six months and deported)
Having said all that......
You do find a lot of rich arabs, russians etc with connects who do all that debaucherious shyt like Coke, pills in hotel bathrooms and even little ass weed in private, cause you know everyone gotta a connect or they just are able to skate through. Theorhetically you could probably easily get some shyt in the country but its also not worth the risk cause you might get a random search at the airport after your luggage come through which they dont normally check unless they wanna check.
Also weirdly enough, prostitution isnt really illegal or should I say cracked down upon...in fact I would argue its an open secret and I have a theory that its lowkey a big economical thing for them and obviously we know all the stories of sheikhs so they are kinda cool with the Thots coming through
But yo, be careful of them. These hoes move crazy man, you can be in a club and you see a regular fine ass girl from South Amerrica banging body , designer clothes and you chatting, you think you in there and when you about to both taxi back to hers or yours she'll turn around be like "So its 5,000 dirhams" which is like $1300 and you relalize this chick you thought was a regular girl is really an escort, this happened to a friend of someone I know. Dont worry though they are normal, fine ass women who work regular jobs there and rent thots who go out and socialize and you can hook up with from all over but you gotta watch these hoes in Dubai is all Im saying
So yeah in conclusion, Alchohol and sex is fine (Discreetly and consensual) but dont risk it with weed and drugs unless you know someone and you can handle your shyt.
Interesting. When going out , do the female expats dress proactively or do they have to cover up until they get to their destination? Do the local women wear Hijabs?