From 2008:
What are the Top Manufacturing Countries? (with pictures)
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The world's top manufacturing country is the United States, and this has been the case since before World War II. In 2007, the United States' manufacturing output was $1.831 trillion US Dollars (USD). This is about 12% of the USA's entire
gross domestic product (
GDP), or $12,206 USD for every person in the 150 million-strong labor force. Still, the USA's output
per capita is not the world's greatest — that honor goes to Japan.
Important goods manufactured in the United States include the following, in order of percentage of exports in 2007:
production machinery and equipment, 31.4%; industrial supplies, 27.5%; non-auto consumer goods, 12.7%; motor vehicles and parts, 10.5%;
aircraft and parts, 7.6%; food, feed and beverages, 7.3%; and other, 3.0%.
In 2007, the top manufacturing countries besides the United States were as follows: China ($1,106 billion USD), Japan ($926 billion USD), Germany ($670 billion USD), Russian Federation ($362 billion USD), Italy ($345 billion USD), United Kingdom ($342 billion USD), France ($296 billion USD),South Korea ($241 billion USD), Canada ($218 billion USD), Spain ($208 billion USD), and Brazil ($206 billion USD).
There is also a general correlation between how much a country manufactures and its total GDP. Depending on the percentage of their total economy taken up by manufacturing, a country's economic and political leaders may wish to take steps to adjust accordingly.
For instance, the USA has been losing substantial ground to China in recent decades, meaning that US political leaders have an interest in increasing the total percentage of the country's GDP dominated by manufacturing.
Of all the leading manufacturers, the one that is growing the fastest economically is China. China's GDP grew by 22.59% in 2007, which was among the greatest GDP growth out of any country, made all the more impressive by China's huge size, with over 1.1 billion people. The country's leaders wish to reclaim China's position as the world's #1 manufacturer by 2020, and have engaged in an ambitious industrialization program to do so. Because much of China is still unindustrialized, China has considerable room for improvement, while the United States is already completely industrialized. China was once before the world's leading manufacturer — back in 1830, the country was responsible for 30% of the global industrial output.
There is much debate among economists about the various measures of manufacturing output and what they mean. For instance, there is gross total output, the total of all
value added to manufactured goods throughout the manufacturing process, the per capita manufacturing output, the manufacturing output as a percentage of the GDP, and other measurements.
-besides the comment that "the US is already completely industrialized" (i think that comment is misleading), this article is on point. now let's fast forward...
From 2013:
China Widens Lead as World’s Largest Manufacturer
A
ccording to the latest research from theUnited Nations, China has further outpaced its competitors in world manufacturing, generating $2.9 trillion in output annually versus $2.43 trillion from the U.S., the world’s second-largest manufacturing economy.
Over the last two years, China’s manufacturing sector has made strong gains, while the U.S. has been mired in economic and political doldrums.
“In 2011, China’s manufacturing output surged by 23 percent while manufacturing output in the U.S. only increased by 2.8 percent,” theAmerican Enterprise Institute explains. “That brought China’s manufacturing output last year to more than $2.9 trillion, which was almost half a trillion dollars (and 20 percent) more manufacturing output than the $2.43 trillion of manufacturing output that was produced in the U.S. last year.”
America’s trade gap with China also widened considerably over the same period. According to statistics from the Manufacturers Alliance for Productivity and Innovation (MAPI), the U.S. trade deficit with China rose by 8 percent to $498 billion in 2012, while the Chinese surplus increased 15 percent, to $755 billion.
MAPI officials point out that from 2009 to 2012, “the U.S. deficit rose by $172 billion, or 53 percent, while the Chinese surplus soared by $333 billion, or an extraordinary 79 percent.”
In addition to striking a blow to national pride, the comparatively slower growth in U.S. production versus Chinese manufacturing has also cost many jobs. MAPI found that the three-year increase in the U.S. trade deficit resulted in the loss of 700,000 to 1.4 million American manufacturing jobs, including 140,000 to 280,000 jobs in 2012 alone.
However, many experts consider the rapid growth in Chinese manufacturing to be unsustainable unless the country begins to reorient its economy toward more advanced processes and complex products.
The factors putting stress on China’s industrial economy include a downturn in overall productivity, which is a vital part of economic growth and depends on technological change and institutional efficiency.
So while China might have produce a higher quantity of manufactured goods, the U.S. still leads in quality and advanced manufacturing, particularly aircraft and other specialized products.
Moreover, the costs of offshoring production are becoming increasingly onerous for U.S. companies. Given the insecurity of intellectual property in China and other factors, many businesses are discovering that it makes more sense to keep production capacity at home.
Last year, Manufacturing Trends and News concluded that “changes in the economic environment are making homeshoring more and more attractive, with a number of manufacturers actively moving their offshore operations back to the home turf.”
Instead of simply looking at cheaper labor costs, manufacturers now look at the “total cost of ownership,” or TCO. This relies on a comprehensive view of the manufacturing industry, taking into account the cost of quality, delivery, transportation, energy consumption, labor monitoring, carrying stock, freight, packaging, and all other aspects of production.
In addition, Chinese labor costs are rising an average 15 to 20 percent per year, compared to only 2 percent increases in the U.S.
Despite China’s accelerating growth, the U.S. continues to lead in top-end manufacturing and smart technologies. And if additive manufacturing, or 3-D printing, expands as forecast, America is likely to further solidify its position as the world’s leader in advanced production capabilities.
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I think these articles are important for a number of reasons. 1) it further confirms the direct correlation between manufacturing (producing goods) and economic prosperity, which has been pretty consistent for oh, say the past 2000 years or so.
but 2) it also shows how economies must evolve in the arena of manufacturing.
in terms of american productivity i think the article is spot on-we cant compete with other countries (especially china) in terms of quantity or diversity when it comes to manufacturing, they are built to manufacture in bulk and to manufacture cheap. but that also allows the US in the comparative advantage to dominate other countries in terms of quality and "specialization" in manufacturing, which in terms of political economy can be one of the most important factors in success. because at the end of the day producing a specialized product that other countries cannot produce at the same level of quality is always a plus. and on a basic level, no consumer has a problem paying an extra 20%-40% for a quality version of a given product if the product will perform better and last longer.
the fact the US has the lead on specialized manufacturing is a huge plus, and legislatively/policy wise need to continue to capitalize on our advantage.
but we also need to remain rooted in the economic fundamentals and make sure we are producing the basics domestically even if they only present a modest profit margin, because it's the bigger picture we need to look at. you can build a 300 story tower of gold if you want, but if it's built on a shaky foundation eventually it will fall.
thoughts?