It’s surface level stuff though. The progression system in say devil may cry and a game like witcher 3 are relatively the same. the only difference is you get the illusions of stat building in one. You see numbers in one and in the other the numbers in invisible. The progression system is still the same, which is why new game plus is so popular because the end result is you are much stronger than you were at the beginning of the game, only in one you dont have numbers showing you why.
It’s the same as hitting an enemy in one game and seeing it do -200 hp and hitting a character in another game and just seeing it’s life bar drain above its head. it’s still calculating numbers it’s just not a visual choice.
Witcher 3 stats increases when you level. As you fight, you level and get stronger and you invest more in the skill tree. Gerald is also getting he didn't have originally. (W3 is a placeholder, I rather use YS)
As for DMC as you fight, you do not get stronger. you get more resources to get more skills. Dante is Dante, you are just more access to what makes him Dante.
There's a clear difference that's one of many. You can still have progression system without levels and uses resources, as long as, those resource to contribute to some sort of change of state. Then back to previous bullet points.
But with this said, the other bullet points are also important. DMC is still on scenario-based. Proper RPG doesn't do progression on a scenario basis.