In order to punish blue states (and even more precisely, cities), where property values tend to be high, the Trump tax heist law of 2017 limited this deduction to $10,000, regardless of filing status. This means that even middle class families who live in many parts of the country - predominantly Democratic states - have had their deductions limited. Republicans made no secret of the fact that they enacted the change specifically to
target and punish people who don’t vote for them, but nevertheless, the SALT deduction was sold - and since has become known, according to conventional wisdom - as a tax break for the rich.
That sales job was based largely on analyses by many groups that showed - and still show - that the largest share of the dollar benefit of a SALT deduction goes to the richest people. The Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, for example,
predicted that 56% of the dollars gained from the repeal of the SALT cap would go to the top 1% of income earners.
But the problem with this kind of analyses is that it doesn’t account for whom the money is most important to. An examination of IRS data on the distribution of state and local taxes as a percentage of adjusted gross income
by the Tax Foundation shows that for those who itemize, the SALT deduction would help those earning between $100,000 and $400,000 the most, raising their effective take-home pay by 1.75%. The next highest-benefiting group are people who earn between $50,000 and $100,000, and it would reduce their federal taxes by 1.29%. By contrast, the deduction, even if it were unlimited, amounts to just 0.71% of income for those who earn more than $400,000/year.
In other words, while a repeal of the SALT cap might mean that the rich will get a disproportionate share of the dollar benefit on the aggregate, the people who need the break that will come from a repeal most are middle class families.
While some might argue that the rich shouldn’t get a tax break just so middle class families who can use the money could get some relief, too, it’s pretty difficult to defend continued punishment of the middle class just so the rich suffers what amounts to pocket change for them. The latter, in effect, is the argument Sanders and his allies are making.
But maybe there is a way to have our cake and eat it, too. What if, instead of wagging fingers at fellow members of Congress for representing the interest of their constituents, some members decided to devise a solution that gives middle class families, but keeps the rich from dipping their hands in it at the same time?
What if we figured out a way not to throw out the baby with the bathwater?
That’s what Lauren Underwood has decided to do. Underwood, a second-term Congresswoman from Illinois’ 14th district who has already passed
more important bills bearing her name into law than Bernie Sanders has in over 30 years in Congress, is proposing legislation that would raise the cap to $15,000 for individuals, $30,000 for married couples filing jointly, and automatically adjusting the cap based on inflation.
Underwood’s legislation would return the full deduction for the vast majority of middle class taxpayers but would still limit how much of a tax deduction millionaires and billionaires can take for their second yachts.
The Underwood compromise may also point to a bipartisan reform of SALT. Republican Sen. Susan Collins
introduced similar legislation earlier this year.