In China, It’s Already Cheaper to Buy EVs Than Gasoline Cars
Analysis by David Fickling | BloombergAugust 8, 2023 at 6:15 p.m. EDT
Price wars can be creative, or destructive.
When comparable airlines battle for market share, the results can be devastating. None are offering a fundamentally cheaper product, so the effect is only to make consumers expect cheaper tickets. When one of the players has a cost advantage, however — as when a budget airline takes on a full-service carrier — the outcome is to switch buyers’ loyalty to the better-value product. Four of the 10 most highly valued carriers in the Bloomberg World Airlines index are discounters.
We’re starting to see that situation play out in the auto industry. Since Tesla Inc. and Mitsubishi Motors Corp. started developing the first mass-market electric cars in the late 2000s, battery vehicles have struggled with a higher cost structure that even subsidies and manufacturer losses haven’t been sufficient to surmount. That’s finally changing — and China is leading the way.
Seven of the 10 best-selling cars in China in June came with a plug. Tesla’s Model Y crossover SUV has comfortably outsold every competitor since February, while BYD Co.’s Dolphin hatchback has already overtaken established competitors just months after deliveries began.
That’s come on the back of a price war, instigated by Tesla, so savage that the government last month induced automakers to sign a pact pledging to compete fairly and refrain from “abnormal pricing.” (The latter commitment was retracted two days later.)
There’s no question that the fight for market share has been damaging. First-half auto sales in China have still not cleared the 11.8 million level achieved in 2018. An official measure of consumer confidence remains stuck at subdued levels not seen since the 1990s, after plummeting amid the Covid-19 lockdowns last year. Cratering imports in July are a clue to just how dire the state of demand remains across the economy. In their desperation to clear inventories, manufacturers have cut prices to the bone. Some of the steepest discounts have been on gasoline-powered cars.
As the dust settles, however, the most notable transformation has been a shift in the competitive position of electric vehicles. Tesla’s Model 3, which previously retailed at twice the price of comparable premium mid-sized sedans such as the BMW AG 3 Series, is now the more affordable option. BYD’s Dolphin, likewise, comes in about 5,000 yuan ($693) cheaper than a comparable compact sedan such as Volkswagen AG’s local Jetta variant, the 125,000-yuan Sagitar.
Those numbers, to be sure, benefit from EVs’ exemption from China’s 10% vehicle purchase tax. BloombergNEF estimates that subsidy-free parity won’t come until 2025 for smaller cars in China. Still, to a consumer the sticker price is the sticker price — and the effects in terms of market share been stunning.
Across the market, battery and plug-in hybrid vehicles now account for 37% of sales, far ahead of earlier expectations. Beijing’s official policy, set at the end of 2019, was for 25% of the market to be electrified by 2025. Just three years ago, Deloitte — in a report that was generally extremely bullish about the prospects for EVs — predicted this level wouldn’t be hit until the end of the decade.
It doesn’t look like just a value-destructive flash in the pan. Take a look at battery makers. Electric cars have so far been unable to compete on price because their power pack and drivetrain costs as much as twice the equivalent in an internal-combustion engine vehicle. Closing that gap has depended on falling costs for batteries, a process that’s been delayed as the commodity price inflation of the past few years pushed up expenditure on raw materials.
The latest run of results suggests the squeeze is over. June quarter net income at the world’s biggest cell business, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., was up 54% from a year earlier, and increased four fold at South Korea’s LG Energy Solution Ltd. Analysts expect the same measure to double at BYD when it reports later this month (the company is one of the biggest battery makers as well as being a car manufacturer). Panasonic’s first-quarter result, helped by a one-time restructuring benefit, was the best of any quarter since the 1990s.
There’s every reason to think those profits are sustainable. Chinese lithium carbonate has halved in price relative to where it was at the start of the year, reducing the cost of cathodes that account for around half of a battery pack’s price. Margins at most major battery makers have also widened compared to previous quarters, giving them breathing space for the next leg of competition.
In most markets, gasoline-powered vehicles still maintain a cost advantage at the dealership, even if they’re increasingly more expensive when all ownership costs are factored in. But China is already passing through the looking-glass — and where it leads, the rest of the world will soon follow. The road to electrified transport has been a bumpy one, but the checkered flag is now in sight.
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This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners.
David Fickling is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering energy and commodities. Previously, he worked for Bloomberg News, the Wall Street Journal and the Financial Times.
