What does “novel” mean in medicine and virology?
The word “novel” originated from the Latin word “novus,” which means “new.” In medicine, “novel” usually refers to a virus or bacterial strain that was not previously identified. COVID-19 is a new disease, caused by the novel, or new, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that was not previously seen in humans.
What is a novel coronavirus, specifically?
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. The word “corona” itself means “crown.” Although most coronaviruses are found in animals, the first human coronaviruses were
identified in the mid-1960s, and seven, including SARS-CoV-2, are known to affect humans today. When animal coronaviruses evolve and are able to infect humans, these viruses are considered to be novel. Over time, these viruses change to be able to attach to different host cells, allowing them to enter the cells of new species. Since these viruses had not been seen before in humans, scientists and researchers must learn how the virus infects human cells and causes disease in order for them to develop potential treatments and vaccines.
COVID-19 is caused by a different coronavirus than those that cause the common cold.
Four of the seven human coronaviruses typically cause mild to moderate illness and account for
10% to 30% of upper respiratory tract infections in adults. The other three, including SARS-CoV-2, can cause more serious respiratory illness. More on this below.
hopefully you understand by now ..
