How you have a split via dividend ?
Stock Splits And Stock Dividends - principlesofaccounting.com
Stock Dividends
In contrast to cash dividends discussed earlier in this chapter,
stock dividends involve the issuance of additional shares of stock to existing shareholders on a proportional basis. Stock dividends are very similar to stock splits. For example, a shareholder who owns 100 shares of stock will own 125 shares after a 25% stock dividend (essentially the same result as a 5 for 4 stock split). Importantly, all shareholders would have 25% more shares, so the percentage of the total outstanding stock owned by a specific shareholder is not increased.
Although shareholders will perceive very little difference between a stock dividend and stock split, the accounting for stock dividends is unique. Stock dividends require journal entries. Stock dividends are recorded by moving amounts from retained earnings to paid-in capital. The amount to move depends on the size of the distribution. A
small stock dividend (generally less than 20-25% of the existing shares outstanding) is accounted for at market price on the date of declaration. A
large stock dividend (generally over the 20-25% range) is accounted for at par value.
To illustrate, assume that Childers Corporation had 1,000,000 shares of $1 par value stock outstanding. The market price per share is $20 on the date that a stock dividend is declared and issued:
Small Stock Dividend: Assume Childers Issues a 10% Stock Dividend
Large Stock Dividend: Assume Childers Issues a 40% Stock Dividend