IllmaticDelta
Veteran
The early part as in what date? Because only Portugal had claims to the Angolan region with a sprinkle of Dutch. When did the Portuguese do trading in the United States? That's news to me.
Your tribe is associated with West Africa, not Southern Africa.
all new world blacks have angolan admixture. Afram slave stocks and bantu admx
I thought Bantus/southern Africans slaves were never brought to the states?
and
Slavery in the 17th century
From the 17th century to the early 19th century, many Angolans were brought as slaves to the United States. Angolan slaves may have been the first Africans to arrive in the Thirteen Colonies, according to Sheila Walker, an American film maker and researcher in cultural anthropology. This refers to an event in 1617 in Jamestown, Virginia, when Angolans were diverted by a Spanish ship to an English ship bound for Mexico.[4] These first Angolan slaves of Virginia (15 men and 17 women[4]) were Mbundu[5] and Bakongo, who spoke Kimbundu and Kikongo languages respectively. Many of these early slaves were literate.[6] [note 1]
Later, slaves were stolen by English and Dutch pirates from the Portuguese when the pirates left with the slaves from the Angolan port of Luanda.[5] Many of these slaves were imported by the Dutch to New York City, which, at this time, was called New Amsterdam and was under Dutch control. Thus, the Angolans also were the first slaves in New York City.[6] According to Harvard university professor Jill Lepore, the slaves of Angola who arrived in New Amsterdam were also Ambundu and, to a lesser extent, Kongos, as was the case with the first slaves who arrived in Virginia.[7] In 1621, Angolan former slave Anthony Johnson arrived in Virginia and was the first documented black slave in the English colonies to earn his freedom and, in turn, own slaves himself. Anthony Johnson was granted ownership of John Casor after a civil case in 1654.[8][9] The Angolan slavery trade in the United States reached its greatest magnitude between 1619 and 1650.[5] In 1644, 6,900 slaves on the African coast were purchased to clear the forests, lay roads, build houses and public buildings, and grow food. Most of these were from the company's colonies in the West Indies, but came from its established stations in Angola.[3]
18th–19th centuries
During the colonial period, people from the region Congo-Angola made up 25% of the slaves in North America. Based on the data mentioned, many Angolan slaves came from distinct ethnic groups, such as the Bakongo and the Tio[10] and Northern Mbunbu people (from Kingdom of Ndongo).[5] However, not all slaves kept the culture of their ancestors. The Bakongo were Catholics, from the kingdom of Kongo who had voluntarily converted to Catholicism in 1491 after the Portuguese conquered this territory.[11] The slaves of Angola made up the majority of the slaves in South Carolina[12] and were one of the main slave groups in other places. In Virginia, most slaves came from within the boundaries of the modern nation-states of Nigeria and Angola. Between 1710 and 1769, only 17% of the slaves who arrived in Virginia were from Angola.[13] Others places in the United States, such as Delaware and Indiana, also had Angolan slaves.[6]
Many of the Bakongo slaves who arrived in the United States in the 18th century were captured and sold as slaves by African kings to other tribes or enemies during several civil wars. Some of the people sold from Kongo to the United States were trained soldiers.[11] In 1739, there was an uprising in South Carolina, where possibly 40% of the slaves were Angolan. Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, a group of 20 Angolan slaves, probably Bakongos and described as Catholic, mutinied and killed at least 20 white settlers and several children. They then marched to Charlestown, where the uprising was harshly repressed. Forty of the slaves in the revolt (some Angolan) were decapitated and their heads strung on sticks to serve as a warning to others. This episode, known as the Stono Rebellion, precipitated legislation banning the importation of slaves. The ban was aimed at solving two serious problems: the inhumanity toward the black slaves and the fact the country had more blacks than whites.[6] Later, some 300 former Angolan slaves founded their own community in the Braden River delta, near what is now downtown Bradenton, Florida. They gave it the name of Angola, in honor of the homeland of many of them, and tried to live as free men. However, this Angola was destroyed in 1821. Rich hunters and slaveholders hired 200 mercenaries and captured 300 black people and burned their houses. It is believed, however, that some Angolans fled in rafts and successfully reached Andros Island in The Bahamas, where they were established life.[6]