In December 1990, about 40 Afrikaner families, headed by Carel Boshoff, the son-in-law of former
South African Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, bought the dilapidated town for around R1.5 million (US$585,000),
[30][a] on behalf of the
Orania Bestuursdienste (OBD).
[74] The first 13 inhabitants moved in April 1991.
[75] During the same month, the people who still lived in Grootgewaagd were evicted,
[76] after being provided with newly built homes in nearby towns.
[77] The village was renamed Kleingeluk.
[78]
The last white-minority government led by
F. W. de Klerk opposed the creation of an Afrikaner state, and the existence of Orania, but it took no action, believing it would fail on its own.
[79] At that time, the town consisted of 90 houses in Orania and 60 in Kleingeluk, all in a grave state of disrepair.
[78] In August 1991 the 2,300-hectare (5,700-acre) farm Vluytjeskraal 272 was added to Orania.
[80][81]
The presence of residents with
politically extreme views hampered early attempts to gain broader acceptance for the community.
[82] Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) members made up a sizable minority of the population.
[83] In July 1991, one resident publicly threatened to resort to terrorism unless Orania was granted independence.
[84] By 1993, people with similarly militant views had reportedly been removed from the community.
[85]
The town council was established in February 1992.
[86] A journalist for the
Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, visiting in 1993, noted that houses had been repaired, but the town lacked any meaningful economic activity.
[83] There were few jobs available, and no money for further development.
[83] The town relied on neighboring farms for food.
[87]
Orania elected its own
transitional representative council, a temporary form of local government created after the end of apartheid, in 1995.
[88] Construction on an irrigation scheme to cover a 400-hectare (990-acre) area began in 1995 and was completed in October 1996.
[89]
In a conciliatory gesture, then-President
Nelson Mandela visited the town in 1995 to have tea with
Betsie Verwoerd, widow of former Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd.
[90] Orania grew to 200 permanent inhabitants in 1996.
[75] By 1998 R15 million had been invested in the town for expenses including the upgrading of water and electricity supply, roads and businesses.
[91] A violent incident occurred just outside Orania in April 2000, when a white man shot and wounded a 17-year-old black girl, hitting her leg.
[92][93]
On 5 June 1998,
Valli Moosa, then Minister of Constitutional Development in the
African National Congress (ANC) government, stated in a parliamentary budget debate that "the ideal of some Afrikaners to develop the North Western Cape as a home for the Afrikaner culture and language within the framework of the Constitution and the Charter of Human Rights is viewed by the government as a legitimate ideal".
[94][13]