My pops used to work for our CDC and spent a bunch of years going from country to country around the continent. I even went to leave with him once, and worked with them and the embassy for a little bit. He’s been all Africa, Haiti, northern South America, etc.
There’s different situations in different places, and local education and beliefs in science can play a big part in those situations. Yeah there’s a lot of modernization the biggest coli wannabe militants haven’t cared to physically see, but there’s also a ton of lowkey traditionalism and folks who live off the land and off the grid. shyt like war, famine, and other things that cause rapid migration can land some of these groups in places they wouldn’t normally eat or live. Old traditions can bring others to seek out food sources that are in hotbeds of very old, very young, but non the less dangerous microorganisms. Wandering cac hikers and tourist pick up and spread a lot of shyt too.
Outbreaks happen kind of like with the Kitum cave in Kenya. shyt just festers and gets stronger, until the first time it makes contact with something living. Only time spent learning about this shyt then educating everyone in and out of the hotspot will slow it down and eventually isolate it, hopefully with a treatment and/or vaccine developed against it. Everywhere in the world has its own set of viral, bacterial, fungal communicable dangers whether it gets publicized or not.
One of the worst enemies of the places affected are often the loudest people crying conspiracy or blowing off simple shyt like washing hands, or staying away from others when they’re sick. A huge problem with Ebola, for example, was how locals needed to handle their dead and dying in a traditional way. Some were straight up like “bytch I prayed about it, we good!”, then they sick too and passing it to other family members. Nobody can really do anything but study the affects, question people about their contact with others to map it out, see how it affects victims and how to counteract that shyt.