Chicago, United States - Elaine Riddikk, 60, was 13-years old when she was raped and became pregnant. Riddikk carried out her pregnancy and immediately after giving birth to her son, she was sterilised without her consent.
Because both of her parents were alcoholics and her mother was in prison, Riddikk was raised by her grandmother in the state of North Carolina. The family relied on government assistance at the time. Riddikk says the social worker assigned to them illegally obtained her grandmother's signature on the sterilisation consent form - her grandmother was illiterate and unaware of what she agreed to.
It wasn't until she was 19 that Riddikk found out what happened to her after her delivery. During this time, she and her husband were trying to start a family, but were unable to conceive. Confused, she went to see a doctor to find out what was wrong.
"He told me I had been butchered," Riddikk says. "I was totally devastated when I found out. I was humiliated. I blamed myself that they did that to me."
In addition to the emotional consequences, Riddikk experienced severe physical side effects including haemorrhaging, fainting, and unusually long menstrual periods. She eventually needed a hysterectomy at the age of 44. "Nobody should go into a woman's body and invade it like that," Riddikk told Al Jazeera.
Riddikk's experience was not unusual. An estimated 7,600 people considered mentally deficient by public health officials and sterilised under North Carolina’s eugenics programme, which ran from 1929 until 1974. The programme aimed to prevent the birth of the mentally disabled, criminals and others the state judged as "morons", "unfit", and "feebleminded". Some victims were as young as 10-years old.
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More than 60,000 Americans were forcibly sterilised from 1907 through the 1970s.
The effort was promoted throughout the US with proponents saying sterilisations were necessary to prevent overpopulation and the subsequent drain on government resources by "defectives".
"It is better for the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind," wroteSupreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr in a key 1927 ruling.
California ‘justice’
While sterilisation promoted by state institutions may seem like a practice of the distant past in the United States, the grassroots organisation Justice Now has documented that 116 prisoners were sterilised without official approval by tubal ligation for the purpose of birth control between 2006-2010.
The Center for Investigative Reporting corroborated the findings in a separate investigation. TheCalifornia Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation later found the illegal sterilisations done during labour and delivery began as a regular programme in 1997, and the annual rate of such surgeries surged after 2006.
Full article on http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/12/calls-compensation-us-sterilisations-20131231113943910114.html
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